Heterogeneity in Subcortical Brain Development: A Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Maturation from 8 to 30 Years
Heterogeneity in Subcortical Brain Development: A Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Maturation from 8 to 30 Years
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1242-09.2009
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发表时间：
2009-09-23
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Walhovd, Kristine B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ostby, Ylva;Tamnes, Christian K.;Walhovd, Kristine B.
儿童晚期和青春期的大脑发育特点是灰质 (GM) 减少、白质 (WM) 和脑室体积增加。然而，不同结构之间发育的动态本质尚未得到很好的理解，目前的磁共振成像研究利用全脑分割方法来描述同一儿童、青少年和年轻人样本（n = 171；范围，8-30 岁）中 16 个神经解剖体积的发育轨迹。研究了大脑皮层、大脑WM、尾状核、壳核、苍白球、伏隔核区、海马、杏仁核、丘脑、脑干、小脑GM、小脑WM、侧脑室、下侧脑室、第三脑室和第四脑室。进一步分析大脑皮层的脑叶厚度和表面积。结果揭示了发育轨迹的显着异质性。大脑皮层的 GM 呈非线性下降，尾状核、壳核、苍白球、伏隔核和小脑 GM 呈线性下降，而杏仁核和海马体的 GM 体积呈轻微的非线性增加。大脑和小脑的 WM 呈非线性增加，小脑 WM 成熟较早。除了皮质下区域内发育轨迹的相似性之外，我们的结果还指出了同一区域内结构之间的差异：在基底神经节中，尾状核与年龄的关系比壳核和苍白球弱，而在小脑中，GM和WM发育之间存在差异。这些结果强调了研究同一样本中的各种结构变量的重要性，以更广泛地了解大脑发育原理。
Brain development during late childhood and adolescence is characterized by decreases in gray matter (GM) and increases in white matter (WM) and ventricular volume. The dynamic nature of development across different structures is, however, not well understood, and the present magnetic resonance imaging study took advantage of a whole-brain segmentation approach to describe the developmental trajectories of 16 neuroanatomical volumes in the same sample of children, adolescents, and young adults (n = 171; range, 8-30 years). The cerebral cortex, cerebral WM, caudate, putamen, pallidum, accumbens area, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, brainstem, cerebellar GM, cerebellarWM, lateral ventricles, inferior lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle were studied. The cerebral cortex was further analyzed in terms of lobar thickness and surface area. The results revealed substantial heterogeneity in developmental trajectories. GM decreased nonlinearly in the cerebral cortex and linearly in the caudate, putamen, pallidum, accumbens, and cerebellar GM, whereas the amygdala and hippocampus showed slight, nonlinear increases in GM volume. WM increased nonlinearly in both the cerebrum and cerebellum, with an earlier maturation in cerebellar WM. In addition to similarities in developmental trajectories within subcortical regions, our results also point to differences between structures within the same regions: among the basal ganglia, the caudate showed a weaker relationship with age than the putamen and pallidum, and in the cerebellum, differences were found between GM and WM development. These results emphasize the importance of studying a wide range of structural variables in the same sample, for a broader understanding of brain developmental principles.