Strengthening care for injured persons in less developed countries: a case study of Ghana and Mexico.
Strengthening care for injured persons in less developed countries: a case study of Ghana and Mexico.
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DOI：
10.1076/icsp.10.1.45.14114
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Quansah, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mock, Charles;Arreola-Risa, Carlos;Quansah, Robert
在所有国家，减少道路交通伤害的优先事项应该是预防。尽管如此，还是有一些低成本的方法来加强对伤者的护理，这将有助于降低道路交通的通行费。这次审查的目的是阐明如何在欠发达国家的背景下实现这一目标。为本综述选择的研究由Medline综述获得，选择了诸如创伤、伤害、创伤护理、基本健康服务和发展中国家等关键词。审议了与任何国家和所有可用年份有关的条款。此外，作者利用了来自墨西哥和加纳的灰色文献和期刊中的文章，这些文章没有被Medline引用。调查研究指出，道路安全和其他形式的伤害预防以及院前护理可能是发展中国家的优先事项。尽管如此，以医院为基础的改进可以有助于降低死亡率，特别是减少残疾。对于院前护理和基于医院的护理，研究揭示了在以下方面需要解决的几个关键薄弱环节：(1)人力资源(人员配备和培训)；(2)物质资源(设备、用品和基础设施)；以及(3)管理和组织。“基本服务”办法有助于在国际卫生的各个领域取得进展，需要发展这种办法来照顾伤者。这将界定实际上可以为几乎每一个受伤人员提供的创伤治疗服务。然后，它将处理必要的人力资源、物质资源和行政投入，以确保这些服务在全球不同的地理和社会经济环境中以最佳方式提供。最后，它将确定并针对这些投入中需要加强的不足之处。
In all countries, the priority for reducing road traffic injuries should be prevention. Nonetheless, there are low-cost ways to strengthen the care of injured persons, that will help to lower the toll from road traffic. The purpose of this review was to elucidate ways to accomplish this goal in the context of less developed countries. Studies selected for this review were obtained by Medline review, selecting on key words such as trauma, injury, trauma care, essential health services, and developing country. Articles pertaining to any country and all available years were considered. In addition, the authors utilized articles from the gray literature and journals from Mexico and Ghana that are not Medline referenced. Studies surveyed point to road safety and other forms of injury prevention, as well as prehospital care, as likely priorities for developing countries. Nonetheless, hospital-based improvements can contribute to decreases in mortality and, especially, decreases in disability. For both prehospital and hospital based care, studies revealed several critical weak points to address in: (1) human resources (staffing and training); (2) physical resources (equipment, supplies, and infrastructure); and (3) administration and organization. The 'essential services' approach, which has contributed to progress in a variety of fields of international health, needs to be developed for the care of the injured. This would define the trauma treatment services that could realistically be made available to virtually every injured person. It would then address the inputs of human resources, physical resources, and administration necessary to assure these services optimally in the different geographic and socioeconomic environments worldwide. Finally, it would identify and target deficiencies in these inputs that need to be strengthened.