LIPID-COMPOSITION OF ISOLATED BRAIN-CELLS AND AXONS
LIPID-COMPOSITION OF ISOLATED BRAIN-CELLS AND AXONS
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DOI：
10.1002/jnr.490010106
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
DEVRIES, GH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
NORTON, WT;ABE, T;DEVRIES, GH
本文综述了近年来有关脑细胞脂质组成的研究进展，并介绍了一些有关脑细胞鞘脂的研究进展。尽管不同组间的分离技术存在相当大的差异，但不同细胞制剂的脂质分析相似，足以允许几种概括。这一事实是一个令人鼓舞的迹象，表明细胞分离方法在确定正常脑细胞的组成方面具有相当大的用处。一般发现星形胶质细胞比神经元胞体具有更多的脂质，但这两种细胞类型的总脂质组成惊人地相似。少突胶质细胞脂质与其他两种细胞类型的脂质完全不同，其特征在于高半乳糖脂含量。虽然这种脂质模式可能在少突胶质细胞（髓鞘形成细胞）中预期，但轴突脂质具有更高的半乳糖脂含量。为了找到更多的细胞特异性模式，更详细地检查了鞘糖脂。在神经元和星形胶质细胞中观察到这些次要脂质的分布和脂肪酸模式存在差异，尽管得出这些差异将被证明是细胞特异性的结论可能还为时过早。发现所有分离的细胞均含有半乳糖神经酰胺、硫苷脂、葡萄糖神经酰胺、二己糖神经酰胺和神经节苷脂。发现这些脂质在正常细胞中的分布与培养的神经母细胞瘤细胞或星形细胞瘤细胞中报道的分布有很大不同。神经节苷脂不仅存在于所有细胞中，而且神经元和星形胶质细胞的神经节苷脂模式几乎相同。神经元和星形胶质细胞鞘脂的脂肪酸模式通常彼此不相似，并且两者与少突胶质细胞和轴突中发现的脂肪酸模式完全不同。然而，来自牛少突胶质细胞和来自轴突的鞘脂的脂肪酸组成是相似的，并且类似于髓鞘脂质的脂肪酸组成。葡萄糖神经酰胺和二己糖神经酰胺的脂肪酸在所有三种细胞类型中是相似的。它们具有相当大量的16：0和比C18更长的酸;因此它们与从相同馏分中分离出的神经节苷脂脂肪酸（大多为18：0）有很大不同。
The current status of the published work on the lipid composition of isolated brain cells is reviewed and some new work on the sphingolipids of these cells is presented. In spite of considerable differences in isolation techniques between different groups, the lipid analyses of different cell preparations are similar enough to permit several generalizations. This fact is an encouraging sign that cell separation methods have considerable usefulness in defining the composition of normal brain cells. It is a general finding that astrocytes have more lipid than neuronal perikarya but that the gross lipid composition of these two cell types is surprisingly similar. Oligodendroglial lipids are quite different from those of the other two cell types and are characterized by a high galactolipid content. Although such a lipid pattern might be expected in oligodendroglia, which are myelin‐forming cells, axonal lipids have an even higher galactolipid content.In an effort to find more cell‐specific patterns, the glycosphingolipids were examined in more detail. Differences were seen in the distribution and fatty‐acid pattern of these minor lipids in neurons and astrocytes, although it may be premature to conclude that these differences will prove to be cell‐specific. All of the isolated cells were found to contain galactosylceramide, sulfatide, glucosylceramide, dihexosylceramide, and gangliosides. The distribution of these lipids in the normal cells was found to differ considerably from that reported in cultured neuroblastoma cells or astrocytoma cells. Not only were gangliosides present in all cells but the ganglioside patterns of neurons and astrocytes were nearly identical.The fatty‐acid patterns of the neuronal and astroglial sphingolipids generally do not resemble each other, and both are quite different from those found in oligodendroglia and axons. However, the fatty‐acid composition of the sphingolipids from bovine oligodendroglia and from axons are similar and resemble those of myelin lipids. The fatty acids of glucosylceramide and dihexosylceramide are similar in all three cell types. They have rather large amounts of 16:0 and acids longer then C18; thus they are considerably different from the ganglioside fatty acids (which have mostly 18:0) isolated from the same fractions.