Families at high and low risk for depression: A three-generation startle study
Families at high and low risk for depression: A three-generation startle study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.045
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Weissman, MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grillon, C;Warner, V;Weissman, MM
背景：焦虑症状可能是严重抑郁障碍(MDD)发生的易感因素，因为在威胁环境中惊吓程度的升高是焦虑症的标志，本研究调查了患有MDD的儿童和孙辈也会发现惊吓反应增强的假说。方法：通过两项测试(预期不愉快的阵风和在黑暗中)研究了患有(高风险)或无(低风险)MDD先证者的子女(第二代)和孙辈(第三代)的惊吓程度。结果：在先证者的孩子中，惊吓区分低风险组和高风险组，在恐惧强化的惊吓测试中，高风险组表现出惊吓程度的增加。在先证者的孙辈中，发现了高危女孩的性别特异性异常，但没有男孩，在整个过程中表现出更高的惊吓程度。结论：以前在焦虑障碍住院患者和父母患有焦虑障碍的孩子中发现的威胁环境中惊吓反应的增加，也可能构成MDD的易感性标志，这些发现表明，抑郁和焦虑可能是常见的生物疾病。
Background: Anxiety symptoms might be a vulnerability factor for the development of major depressive disorder (MDD), Because elevated startle magnitude in threatening contexts is a marker for anxiety disorder, the present study investigated the hypothesis that enhanced startle reactivity would also be found in children and grandchildren of individuals with MDD.Methods: The magnitude of startle was investigated in two tests (anticipation of an unpleasant blast of air and during darkness) in children (second generation) and grandchildren (third generation) of probands with (high risk) or without (low risk) MDD (first generation),Results: Startle discriminated between the low- and high-risk groups, In the probands' children, the high-risk group showed increased startle magnitude throughout the fear-potentiated startle test. In the probands' grandchildren, a gender-specific abnormality was found in the high-risk group with high-risk girls, but not boys, exhibiting elevated startle magnitude throughout the procedure.Conclusions: Increased startle reactivity in threatening contexts, previously found inpatients with anxiety disorder and in children of parents with an anxiety disorder, might also constitute a vulnerability marker for MDD, These findings suggest that there might be common biologic diatheses underlying depression and anxiety.