Morphological association between muscle attachments and ossification sites in the late cartilaginous skull of tuatara embryos
Morphological association between muscle attachments and ossification sites in the late cartilaginous skull of tuatara embryos
复制标题
蜥蜴胚胎晚期软骨头骨肌肉附着与骨化位点之间的形态学关联
DOI：
10.1002/jmor.21474
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Werneburg Ingmar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Zitong;Yaryhin Oleksandr;Koyabu Daisuke;Werneburg Ingmar
在发育过程中，大多数脊椎动物的胚胎软骨颅骨部分被软骨内和软骨周围骨化的骨所取代。肌肉附着被认为会影响骨化的模式，从而影响颅骨的分化。为了研究爬行动物胚胎的肌肉附着和早期骨化之间的关联，我们进行了数字3D重建的颅骨，头部和颈部肌肉组织从一个组织切片系列的晚期胚胎tuatara，Sphenodon punctatus，总身体长度为52毫米。作为喙头目唯一的现存物种，它是比较研究有鳞类进化的重要外群。我们发现，头部和颈部肌肉在很大程度上与早期骨化的基板和腭方，并与其他三个骨化在一个老标本的总体长为72毫米。这些结果表明，胚胎肌肉收缩所产生的张力在很大程度上，但不是唯一的，与该地区的endochondronossification在chondrocranium和palatoquadrate在鳄蜥。除了鲜为人知的遗传因素，软骨颅骨结构的复杂性，其发展的进展，以及软骨颅骨中多种肌肉传递力的影响，必须考虑到提供一个更全面的讨论胚胎头骨的机械性能。
During development, the embryonic cartilaginous skull in most vertebrates is partially replaced by bones with endochondral and perichondral ossifications. Muscle attachments are thought to influence the patterns of ossification and, hence, the differentiation of the skull. To investigate the association between muscle attachments and early ossifications of reptilian embryos, we conducted digital 3D reconstructions of the cranium, the head, and the neck musculature from a histological section series of a late term embryonic tuatara,Sphenodon punctatus, with a total body length of 52 mm. As the sole living rhynchocephalian species, it is an important outgroup in comparative studies of squamate evolution. We found that head and neck muscles are largely associated with early ossification of the basal plate and the palatoquadrate, and with three other ossifications in an older specimen with a total body length of 72 mm. These results suggest that tensile forces resulting from embryonic muscle contraction are largely, but not exclusively, correlated with the area of endochondral ossification in the chondrocranium and palatoquadrate in tuatara. Beyond little‐known genetic factors, the complexity of chondrocranial architecture, the progress of its development, and the effect of multiple muscle transmitting forces in the chondrocranium must be considered to provide a more comprehensive discussion of the mechanical properties of the embryonic skull.