Cross-species chromosome painting in Cetartiodactyla: Reconstructing the karyotype evolution in key phylogenetic lineages
Cross-species chromosome painting in Cetartiodactyla: Reconstructing the karyotype evolution in key phylogenetic lineages
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DOI：
10.1007/s10577-009-9032-3
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Graphodatsky, Alexander S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kulemzina, Anastasia I.;Trifonov, Vladimir A.;Graphodatsky, Alexander S.
最近的分子和形态学研究将偶蹄目和鲸目归入鲸目。在鲸鱼科中，牛科、鹿科和猪科等科通过比较染色体绘制得到了很好的研究，但许多对于了解鲸鱼系统发育至关重要的分类单元仍然很少研究。在这里，我们展示了通过使用来自四个类群的人类和单峰骆驼油漆探针进行染色体涂色获得的五种鲸鱼物种的全基因组比较图谱：鲸类、河马科、长颈鹿科和麝科。这是第一份关于领航鲸、河马、霍加狓和西伯利亚麝的分子细胞遗传学报告。我们的结果与之前发表的比较染色体图谱相结合，使我们能够重建鲸鱼的进化途径和染色体重排率。我们假设假定的鲸齿兽祖先核型（CAK）包含 25-26 对常染色体，2n = 52-54，并且人类染色体 8/9 的关联可能是联合非骆驼科鲸齿兽的细胞遗传学特征。没有明确的细胞遗传学标志将河马科和鲸类结合在一起。如果我们将染色体重排叠加在普莱斯及其同事生成的超级树上，则需要几个同质性事件来解释鲸头蹄核型进化。我们的结果显然支持染色体进化中的非随机断点模型。鲸鱼核型进化的特点是各个谱系中低速率和快速率的交替时期。最高的比率出现在 Suina（Suidae+Tayasuidae）谱系中（每百万年 1.76 次重排 (R/My)），而鲸目动物中的比率最低（0.07 R/My）。我们的研究表明，人类和骆驼颜料的结合使用对于揭示鲸头蹄类物种之间的进化核型重排具有非常丰富的信息。
Recent molecular and morphological studies place Artiodactyla and Cetacea into the order Cetartiodactyla. Within the Cetartiodactyla such families as Bovidae, Cervidae, and Suidae are well studied by comparative chromosome painting, but many taxa that are crucial for understanding cetartiodactyl phylogeny remain poorly studied. Here we present the genome-wide comparative maps of five cetartiodactyl species obtained by chromosome painting with human and dromedary paint probes from four taxa: Cetacea, Hippopotamidae, Giraffidae, and Moschidae. This is the first molecular cytogenetic report on pilot whale, hippopotamus, okapi, and Siberian musk deer. Our results, when integrated with previously published comparative chromosome maps allow us to reconstruct the evolutionary pathway and rates of chromosomal rearrangements in Cetartiodactyla. We hypothesize that the putative cetartiodactyl ancestral karyotype (CAK) contained 25-26 pairs of autosomes, 2n = 52-54, and that the association of human chromosomes 8/9 could be a cytogenetic signature that unites non-camelid cetartiodactyls. There are no unambiguous cytogenetic landmarks that unite Hippopotamidae and Cetacea. If we superimpose chromosome rearrangements on the supertree generated by Price and colleagues, several homoplasy events are needed to explain cetartiodactyl karyotype evolution. Our results apparently favour a model of non-random breakpoints in chromosome evolution. Cetariodactyl karyotype evolution is characterized by alternating periods of low and fast rates in various lineages. The highest rates are found in Suina (Suidae+Tayasuidae) lineage (1.76 rearrangements per million years (R/My)) and the lowest in Cetaceans (0.07 R/My). Our study demonstrates that the combined use of human and camel paints is highly informative for revealing evolutionary karyotypic rearrangements among cetartiodactyl species.