Disability in activities of daily living: Patterns of change and a hierarchy of disability
Disability in activities of daily living: Patterns of change and a hierarchy of disability
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.87.3.378
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发表时间：
1997-03-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Manheim, LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dunlop, DD;Hughes, SL;Manheim, LM
目标。本文分析了6年以上的纵向数据，以评估残疾发生率和日常生活活动的依赖模式。采用老龄化纵向研究（n = 5151）评估日常生活活动中残疾的发生率；使用的是1984年至1990年的两年一次的访谈数据。根据生存分析估计个体活动到致残的中位年龄。从个体的残疾发病模式中确定了一种普遍的事件残疾排序。基于残障发生的年龄中位数排序和残障发生的模式，纵向数据支持老年人的偶发性残障进展为：行走、洗澡、转移、穿衣、如厕、进食。残障发生率存在性别差异。这项研究提供了一幅随着年龄增长身体机能的数学图。这些基于纵向数据的研究结果表明，与以前使用横断面数据的报告相比，残疾的层次结构不同。此外，该研究还记录了偶发性损伤的性别差异，这表明尽管女性比男性寿命长，但她们处于残疾状态的时间更长。
Objectives. This paper examines longitudinal data over 6 years to evaluate incidence rates of disability and the pattern of dependency in activities of daily living.Methods. The Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 5151) was used to evaluate incidence of disability in activities of daily living; biennial interview data from 1984 through 1990 were used. The median age to disability onset far individual activities was estimated from survival analysis. A prevalent ordering of incident disability was identified from patterns of disability onset within individuals.Results. The progression of incident disability among the elderly supported by longitudinal data, based on both the ordering of median ages to disability onset and patterns of incident disability, was as follows: walking, bathing, transferring, dressing, toileting, feeding. Gender differences were found in disability incidence rates.Conclusions. This study provides a mathematical picture of physical functioning as people age. These findings, based on longitudinal data, indicate a different hierarchical structure of disability than found in previous reports using cross-sectional data. Furthermore, the study documents gender differences in incident impairment, which indicate that although women outlive men they spend more time in a disabled state.