Categorical templates are more useful when features are consistent: Evidence from eye movements during search for societally important vehicles
Categorical templates are more useful when features are consistent: Evidence from eye movements during search for societally important vehicles
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DOI：
10.3758/s13414-017-1354-1
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Scarince, Collin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hout, Michael C.;Robbins, Arryn;Scarince, Collin
不像在实验室的视觉搜索任务中，参与者通常被要求寻找一个项目的图形表示，在现实世界的搜索，观察者很少有真正的知识，定义他们的目标的视觉特征。在分类搜索期间，观察者寻找分类定义的目标的任何实例（例如，帮助家庭成员寻找他们的移动的电话）。在这些情况下，人们可能没有关于非关键特征的信息（例如，电话的颜色），并且必须使用定义（或典型的）他们正在寻找的对象的类别的特征来创建广泛的心理表征（例如，现代电话典型地是矩形的和薄的）。在目前的调查（实验1），使用分类视觉搜索任务，我们添加到身体的证据表明，分类模板是有效的，足以进行有效的视觉搜索。当颜色信息可用时（实验1a），当参与者寻找具有一致特征的类别（例如，救护车）相对于具有更多可变特征的类别（例如，轿车）。当颜色信息被删除（实验1b），注意力的好处消失了，但对象识别功能一致的目标类别仍然更好。在实验2中，我们经验验证了我们的社会重要的车辆刺激的相对同质性。总之，我们的结果与分类目标模板的类别一致性观点一致（Yu，Maxfield，& Zelinsky in，Psychological Science，2016。DOI：10.1177/0956797616640237），并建议当类别的特征是一致的和可预测的时，搜索者可以创建允许有效引导和限制注意以及快速对象识别的心理表征。
Unlike in laboratory visual search tasks-wherein participants are typically presented with a pictorial representation of the item they are asked to seek out-in real-world searches, the observer rarely has veridical knowledge of the visual features that define their target. During categorical search, observers look for any instance of a categorically defined target (e.g., helping a family member look for their mobile phone). In these circumstances, people may not have information about noncritical features (e.g., the phone's color), and must instead create a broad mental representation using the features that define (or are typical of) the category of objects they are seeking out (e.g., modern phones are typically rectangular and thin). In the current investigation (Experiment 1), using a categorical visual search task, we add to the body of evidence suggesting that categorical templates are effective enough to conduct efficient visual searches. When color information was available (Experiment 1a), attentional guidance, attention restriction, and object identification were enhanced when participants looked for categories with consistent features (e.g., ambulances) relative to categories with more variable features (e.g., sedans). When color information was removed (Experiment 1b), attention benefits disappeared, but object recognition was still better for feature-consistent target categories. In Experiment 2, we empirically validated the relative homogeneity of our societally important vehicle stimuli. Taken together, our results are in line with a category-consistent view of categorical target templates (Yu, Maxfield, & Zelinsky in, Psychological Science, 2016. doi:10.1177/0956797616640237), and suggest that when features of a category are consistent and predictable, searchers can create mental representations that allow for the efficient guidance and restriction of attention as well as swift object identification.