Preserved Strategic Grain-Size Regulation in Memory Reporting in Patients with Schizophrenia
Preserved Strategic Grain-Size Regulation in Memory Reporting in Patients with Schizophrenia
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.004
复制
发表时间：
2014-07-15
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Bacon, Elisabeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akdogan, Elcin;Izaute, Marie;Bacon, Elisabeth
背景：认知和内省障碍被认为是精神分裂症的核心特征。在现实生活中，人们通常可以自由选择他们回忆事件的哪些方面、自愿提供多少细节以及传递何种程度的信心。他们的决定将取决于各种情况和个人目标。作者探讨了精神分裂症患者在报告语义信息时是否能够在准确性和信息量之间取得折衷。方法：25 名患者和 23 名健康匹配的对照受试者首先自由地回答需要数字答案的一般知识问题（埃菲尔铁塔有多高？），然后通过基于元记忆的控制。在第二阶段，他们回答了两个预定义的区间，一个是窄区间，一个是宽区间；对这两个答案都进行置信度判断；然后选择两个答案之一。使用以组为受试者间因素的方差分析来分析数据。结果：患者以自定进度的精确度水平报告信息的准确性低于健康参与者。然而，他们从反应框架以及监测和控制的元记忆过程中受益匪浅，从而改善了他们的记忆报告并匹配了健康受试者的准确性。结论：尽管在自由报告期间存在记忆缺陷，但在准确性监测之后，患者策略性地调节了他们的记忆报告的粒度，并证明能够管理准确性和信息性的竞争目标。这些结果使我们有理由对患者适应日常生活情况的可能性感到乐观。
Background: Cognitive and introspection disturbances are considered core features of schizophrenia. In real life, people are usually free to choose which aspects of an event they recall, how much detail to volunteer, and what degree of confidence to impart. Their decision will depend on various situational and personal goals. The authors explored whether schizophrenia patients are able to achieve a compromise between accuracy and informativeness when reporting semantic information.Methods: Twenty-five patients and 23 healthy matched control subjects answered general knowledge questions requiring numerical answers (how high is the Eiffel tower?), freely at first and then through a metamemory-based control. In the second phase, they answered with respect to two predefined intervals, one narrow and one broad; attributed a confidence judgment to both answers; and afterward selected one of the two answers. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance with group as the between-subjects factor.Results: Patients reported information at a self-paced level of precision less accurately than healthy participants. However, they benefited remarkably from the framing of the response and from the metamemory processes of monitoring and control to the point of improving their memory reporting and matching healthy subjects' accuracy.Conclusions: In spite of their memory deficit during free reporting, after accuracy monitoring, patients strategically regulated the grain size of their memory reporting and proved able to manage the competing goals of accuracy and informativeness. These results give some cause for optimism as to the possibility for patients to adapt to everyday life situations.