Multiscale Heterogeneous Polymer Composites for High Stiffness 4D Printed Electrically Controllable Multifunctional Structures
Multiscale Heterogeneous Polymer Composites for High Stiffness 4D Printed Electrically Controllable Multifunctional Structures
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用于高刚度 4D 打印电控多功能结构的多尺度异质聚合物复合材料
DOI：
10.1002/adma.202307858
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Boley, J. William
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Morales Ferrer, Javier M.;Sánchez Cruz, Ramón E.;Caplan, Sophie;van Rees, Wim M.;Boley, J. William
4D 打印是一个新兴领域，其中 3D 打印技术用于对刺激响应材料进行图案化，以创建变形结构，以时间作为第四维度。然而，当前用于 4D 打印的材料通常较软，在形状变化期间表现出 10−4 至 10 MPa 的弹性模量 (E) 范围。这限制了所得结构的可扩展性、驱动应力和承载能力。为了克服这些限制，多尺度异质聚合物复合材料被引入作为一种新型的刚性热响应 4D 打印材料。这些墨水的 E 值比现有 4D 打印材料大四个数量级，并提供可调节的电导率，以实现同步焦耳热驱动和自感应功能。利用电控双层作为构建模块，设计并打印了一种可变形为 3D 自立式升降机器人的平面几何结构，与其他 3D 打印执行器相比，创造了重量归一化负载举升和驱动应力的新记录。此外，该油墨调色板用于创建和打印平面晶格结构，这些结构可转变为各种自支撑的复杂 3D 形状。最后，这些墨水被集成到 4D 打印的电控多步态爬行机器人晶格结构中，该结构可以承载 144 倍于自身重量的重量。
4D printing is an emerging field where 3D printing techniques are used to pattern stimuli‐responsive materials to create morphing structures, with time serving as the fourth dimension. However, current materials utilized for 4D printing are typically soft, exhibiting an elastic modulus (E) range of 10−4to 10 MPa during shape change. This restricts the scalability, actuation stress, and load‐bearing capabilities of the resulting structures. To overcome these limitations, multiscale heterogeneous polymer composites are introduced as a novel category of stiff, thermally responsive 4D printed materials. These inks exhibit anEthat is four orders of magnitude greater than that of existing 4D printed materials and offer tunable electrical conductivities for simultaneous Joule heating actuation and self‐sensing capabilities. Utilizing electrically controllable bilayers as building blocks, a flat geometry that morphs into a 3D self‐standing lifting robot is designed and printed, setting new records for weight‐normalized load lifted and actuation stress when compared to other 3D printed actuators. Furthermore, this ink palette is employed to create and print planar lattice structures that transform into various self‐supporting complex 3D shapes. Finally these inks are integrated into a 4D printed electrically controlled multigait crawling robotic lattice structure that can carry 144 times its own weight.