Political Reform and the Historical Trajectories of U.S. Social Movements in the Twentieth Century
Political Reform and the Historical Trajectories of U.S. Social Movements in the Twentieth Century
复制标题
政治改革与20世纪美国社会运动的历史轨迹
DOI：
10.1093/sf/sos067
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
James E. Stobaugh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwin Amenta;Neal Caren;James E. Stobaugh
我们提出了一个政治改革理论，一个政治和历史制度主义的论点，认为政治结构，党派政权和政策的变化极大地影响运动。我们通过分析《纽约时报》和《华盛顿邮报》上的60万篇文章来评估这一论点，沿着资源动员、政治机会和媒体替代方案。这些文章提到了美国全国性的社会运动组织（SMO），这些组织在整个20世纪最大的34个SMO行业中。我们提供了多变量分析行业层面的文章提到的SMOs和详细分析的历史轨迹覆盖整个世纪。虽然我们发现一些支持运动和媒体影响的主要理论，政治改革理论得到了强有力的支持，并优于标准的政治机会模型。最后，我们建议综合理论和运动和媒体成果的研究。
We propose a political reform theory, a political and historical institutionalist argument that holds that shifts in political structures, partisan regimes and policy greatly influence movements. We appraise this argument, along with resource mobilization, political opportunity and media alternatives, by analyzing 600,000 articles in the New York Times and Washington Post that mention national U.S. social movement organizations (SMOs) in the largest 34 SMO industries across the twentieth century. We provide multivariate analyses of industry-level article mentions of SMOs and detailed analyses of the historical trajectories of coverage across the century. Although we find some support for major theories of movements and media influences, the political reform theory is strongly supported and outperforms standard political opportunity models. We conclude with suggestions to synthesize theories and for research on movement and media outcomes.