A New 3D Printing Strategy by Harnessing Deformation, Instability, and Fracture of Viscoelastic Inks
A New 3D Printing Strategy by Harnessing Deformation, Instability, and Fracture of Viscoelastic Inks
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DOI：
10.1002/adma.201704028
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发表时间：
2018-02-08
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Zhao, Xuanhe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yuk, Hyunwoo;Zhao, Xuanhe
直接墨水书写（DIW）作为一种多材料多功能制造方法，在电子、结构材料、组织工程和软机器人等领域具有巨大的潜力。在DIW过程中，粘弹性墨水从3D打印机的喷嘴中挤出作为打印纤维，当喷嘴移动时，这些纤维沉积成图案。因此，打印纤维的分辨率通常受到喷嘴直径的限制，并且打印图案受到运动路径的限制。这些限制严重阻碍了DIW 3D打印的创新和应用。在这里，报告了一种通过利用粘弹性油墨的变形、不稳定性和断裂来超越DIW 3D打印极限的新策略。结果表明，一个单一的喷嘴可以打印纤维的分辨率比喷嘴直径更细，通过拉伸挤出的墨水，并打印各种增厚或弯曲的模式与直线喷嘴运动通过积累的墨水。构造了定量相图，合理选择新策略的参数。此外，应用程序，包括结构与可调硬化，3D结构与梯度和可编程的膨胀性能，所有打印与一个单一的喷嘴被证明。目前的工作表明，油墨的力学在开发3D打印技术中起着至关重要的作用。
Direct ink writing (DIW) has demonstrated great potential as a multimaterial multifunctional fabrication method in areas as diverse as electronics, structural materials, tissue engineering, and soft robotics. During DIW, viscoelastic inks are extruded out of a 3D printer's nozzle as printed fibers, which are deposited into patterns when the nozzle moves. Hence, the resolution of printed fibers is commonly limited by the nozzle's diameter, and the printed pattern is limited by the motion paths. These limits have severely hampered innovations and applications of DIW 3D printing. Here, a new strategy to exceed the limits of DIW 3D printing by harnessing deformation, instability, and fracture of viscoelastic inks is reported. It is shown that a single nozzle can print fibers with resolution much finer than the nozzle diameter by stretching the extruded ink, and print various thickened or curved patterns with straight nozzle motions by accumulating the ink. A quantitative phase diagram is constructed to rationally select parameters for the new strategy. Further, applications including structures with tunable stiffening, 3D structures with gradient and programmable swelling properties, all printed with a single nozzle are demonstrated. The current work demonstrates that the mechanics of inks plays a critical role in developing 3D printing technology.