Changes beyond the State Institution: Socialist Policies and Land Tenure in aCoffee-Growing Village, Southwestern Ethiopia
Changes beyond the State Institution: Socialist Policies and Land Tenure in aCoffee-Growing Village, Southwestern Ethiopia
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国家机构之外的变化：埃塞俄比亚西南部咖啡种植村的社会主义政策和土地保有权
DOI：
10.11198/niloethiopian1993.2003.13
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Keiichiro Matsumura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Keiichiro Matsumura
埃塞俄比亚向社会主义的过渡给农村地区带来了巨大的变化。本文的目的是研究德格政权（1974-91）的社会主义政策对国家强力干预的咖啡种植区的影响。主要的焦点是土地所有制的历史变迁。追溯一个咖啡村的历史进程，土地国有化、农业社会化等社会主义政策不仅整合了农民拥有和使用的农村土地，而且试图通过农民协会、国营农场和生产者合作社这三个全国性组织将农民“国有化”。此外，对土地保有权动态的分析表明，在20世纪上半叶开始的移民涌入在社会主义政策下加速了。人口的大量涌入造成了土地短缺，延长了不稳定租地的持续时间，而这些租地本来可以通过土地再分配来解决。尽管在Derg政权下国家进行了大规模干预，但农村地区的社会变革并没有完全按照政治中心的意图进行。正是超越国家机构的运动为农村社区的变化创造了条件。
The transition to socialism in Ethiopia brought a drastic change to the rural areas. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the socialist policies of the Derg regime (1974-91) on a coffee-growing area where the state strongly intervened. The main focus is on the historical change of land tenure. By tracing the historical process a coffee-growing village has experienced, it becomes apparent that socialist policy such as land nationalization and agricultural socialization not only integrated rural land that the peasants had owned and used, but also tried to "nationalize" the peasants through three national organizations the peasant association, the state farm, and the producers' cooperative. Furthermore, the analysis of land tenure dynamics reveals the fact that the influx of migrants, which had started during the first half of the twentieth century, was accelerated under the socialist policies. This enormous influx of population caused land scarcity and lengthened the duration of unstable tenancy that could have been settled by the land redistribution. Despite the state's massive intervention under the Derg regime, social change in a rural area did not go exactly as intended by the political center. It is the movement beyond the state institutions that has created the conditions for changes in rural communities.