Role of dynorphin and enkephalin in the regulation of striatal output pathways and behavior
Role of dynorphin and enkephalin in the regulation of striatal output pathways and behavior
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DOI：
10.1007/s002210050545
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发表时间：
1998-11-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Gerfen, CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steiner, H;Gerfen, CR
纹状体中的投射神经元产生两种输出系统，即“直接”和“间接”通路，它们拮抗性地调节基底神经节的输出。虽然所有纹状体投射神经元都利用GABA作为其主要神经递质，但它们表达不同的阿片肽共递质以及不同的多巴胺受体亚型。直接途径的神经元表达肽强啡肽和D1多巴胺受体，而间接途径的神经元表达肽脑啡肽和D2受体。本文就强啡肽和脑啡肽在纹状体输出通路中的作用进行综述。在这些研究中，我们分别使用D1或D2受体介导的即早基因诱导作为直接或间接投射神经元的细胞反应，以研究这些阿片肽的作用。我们的研究结果表明，强啡肽和脑啡肽的特殊功能是抑制多巴胺和其他神经递质对这些神经元的过度激活。这些阿片肽的水平通过这些途径的重复、过度激活而升高，这似乎是一种适应性或代偿性反应。纹状体输出通路中阿片肽功能增加的行为后果可能包括行为敏化（强啡肽）和运动功能恢复（脑啡肽）。
Projection neurons in the striatum give rise to two output systems, the "direct" and "indirect" pathways, which antagonistically regulate basal ganglia output. While all striatal projection neurons utilize GABA as their principal neurotransmitter, they express different opioid peptide co-transmitters and also different dopamine receptor subtypes. Neurons of the direct pathway express the peptide dynorphin and the D1 dopamine receptor, whereas indirect pathway neurons express the peptide enkephalin and the D2 receptor. In the present review, we summarize our findings on the function of dynorphin and enkephalin in these striatal output pathways. In these studies, we used D1- or D2-receptor-mediated induction of immediate-early genes as a cellular response in direct or indirect projection neurons, respectively, to investigate the role of these opioid peptides. Our results suggest that the specific function of dynorphin and enkephalin is to dampen excessive activation of these neurons by dopamine and other neurotransmitters. Levels of these opioid peptides are elevated by repeated, excessive activation of these pathways, which appears to be an adaptive or compensatory response. Behavioral consequences of increased opioid peptide function in striatal output pathways may include behavioral sensitization (dynorphin) and recovery of motor function (enkephalin).