Late sowing date as an adaptive strategy for rainfed bean production under warming and reduced precipitation in the Mexican Altiplano?
Late sowing date as an adaptive strategy for rainfed bean production under warming and reduced precipitation in the Mexican Altiplano?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107903
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发表时间：
2020-09-15
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Garatuza-Payan, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arredondo, T.;Delgado-Balbuena, J.;Garatuza-Payan, J.
在墨西哥高原，豆类和玉米是主要农作物。在气候变化情景下，预计有利于冰雹的条件——日最低气温高和降雨强度高——将会增加。如果土壤湿度在十月份之前仍然适合植物生长，减少冰雹和霜冻损害的适应性策略包括推迟播种日期。这一策略可以让农作物成熟，而霜冻事件则因气候变暖而推迟到今年晚些时候。为了测试这种未来的气候情景是否会对作物产量产生负面影响，我们测试了雨养豆类的两个播种日期，分别是定期播种和延迟播种，以及降水量减少（-30％）和相对于环境条件增加+2摄氏度的冠层温度。 2015年第一播于7月底全部被毁。 2015年、2017年和2018年的结果显示，总体变暖有利于粮食产量高于环境温度（P < 0.05），与降水无关。一个例外是在第二个播种日接受环境温度和 70% 降雨的地块。谷物产量的积极反应似乎是变暖效应加速植物物候阶段发育的结果，而不是有利于植物器官的更大生长，而植物器官的生长表现出不稳定的反应。然而，在 2017 年第二次播种时，观察到的环境温度小区产量下降是由于谷物成熟阶段发生的早期霜冻事件的影响。因此，八月初的播种日期有助于避免冰雹，而且变暖加速了物候，显然为豆子成熟提供了更好的温度，提高了豆子产量
In the Mexican Altiplano, beans and corn are the main crops. Conditions favoring hail - high daily minimum temperature and high rainfall intensity - are expected to increase under climate change scenarios. If soil humidity remains suitable for plant growth until October, an adaptive strategy to reduce hail and frost damage consist in delaying sowing date. This strategy could permit crop maturation while frost events are delayed later in the year with climate warming. To test whether such a future climate scenario would have a negative effect on crop yield, we tested two sowing dates for rainfed beans, representing regular and delayed sowing along with a decreased precipitation regime (-30 %) and increased +2 degrees C canopy temperature with respect to ambient conditions. The first sowing in 2015 was completely destroyed at the end of July. Results for 2015, 2017 and 2018 revealed that overall warming favored greater grain yield than ambient temperature (P < 0.05) independent of precipitation. One exception were plots receiving ambient temperature and 70 % of rain in the second sowing date. The positive grain yield response appeared to be the result of warming effects speeding up plant development of phenological stages rather than favoring greater growth of plant organs, which showed an erratic response. However, in the second sowing of 2017 the observed reduced grain yield in ambient temperature plots is attributed to the effects of an early frost event occurring during the grain ripening stage. Thus, a sowing date occurring in early August helped to avoid hailstorms but in addition warming accelerated phenology and apparently provided better temperatures for bean maturation and greater bean grain yield