Extreme swings of the South Pacific Convergence Zone and the different types of El Niño events
Extreme swings of the South Pacific Convergence Zone and the different types of El Niño events
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DOI：
10.1002/2014gl060551
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发表时间：
2014-07
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
S. Borlace;A. Santoso;W. Cai;M. Collins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Borlace;A. Santoso;W. Cai;M. Collins
在卫星时代，南太平洋辐合带(SPCZ)有三次极端的赤道摆动。这些纬向SPCZ(ZSPCZ)事件与不同级别和空间格局的厄尔尼诺现象相吻合，在这种情况下，强烈的异常变暖降低了日期线附近离赤道至赤道经向海表面温度(SST)的梯度，使对流向赤道方向移动。鉴于观测记录很短，目前尚不清楚不同类型的厄尔尼诺现象如何以及是否与zSPCZ事件有关。利用SST偏差减小的扰动物理系综实验，我们发现ZSPCZ事件与显著的东太平洋(EP)变暖是同时发生的。即使在二氧化碳增加的情况下气候变暖，单靠太平洋中部变暖也很少能产生波动。只有EP增暖较强的厄尔尼诺事件才能使对流区发生移位。研究发现，在温室气体变暖的情况下，这类同时发生的事件会增加。
There have been three extreme equatorward swings of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) during the satellite era. These zonal SPCZ (zSPCZ) events coincided with an El Niño of different magnitude and spatial pattern, in which strong anomalous warming reduced the off‐equatorial‐to‐equatorial meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient near the dateline, enabling convection to shift equatorward. It is not known, given the short observational record, how and whether different types of El Niño are associated with zSPCZ events. Using perturbed physics ensembles experiments in which SST biases are reduced, we find that zSPCZ events are concurrent with notable eastern Pacific (EP) warming. Central Pacific warming alone is rarely able to produce a swing, even as the climate warms under a CO2 increase scenario. Only El Niño events with strong EP warming can shift the convective zone. Such co‐occurring events are found to increase in frequency under greenhouse warming.