TECHNICAL ADAPTATIONS AND MANAGERIAL RESOURCES IN INDIA: A STUDY OF THE EXPERIENCE OF THE COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY FROM A COMPARATIVE VIEWPOINT
TECHNICAL ADAPTATIONS AND MANAGERIAL RESOURCES IN INDIA: A STUDY OF THE EXPERIENCE OF THE COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY FROM A COMPARATIVE VIEWPOINT
复制标题
印度的技术改造和管理资源：从比较的角度研究棉纺织工业的经验
DOI：
10.1111/j.1746-1049.1983.tb00453.x
复制
发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Y. Kiyokawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Kiyokawa
众所周知，印度是亚洲最早开始工业化的国家。从19世纪30年代起，用于大规模生产的现代技术逐渐而稳定地从欧洲国家，特别是英国移植过来。棉纺织业和黄麻业是这种技术转让的最典型的例子，它们给印度带来了全新的管理和劳动组织制度以及新的机器操作经验。然而，就棉纺织业而言，这种新的工厂制度在19世纪70年代就已经在印度资本和英国技术干部的结合下牢固地扎根了。19世纪80年代和90年代，大量的印度粗纺纱线出口到中国市场，这证明了新系统移植的初步成功。这在一定程度上反映了亚洲第一个开始工业化的国家在廉价劳动力和地理位置方面所享有的优势。然而，早在世纪之交，印度棉纺织业就开始在中国市场上失去国际竞争力，主要原因是新来者日本棉纺织业的迅速发展。在随后的几年里，由于日本和中国棉纺织业的竞争，印度甚至面临着失去国内棉纱和织物市场的威胁。为什么印度棉纺织业在国际市场上如此迅速地失去竞争力？这是我们在本文中要回答的问题，也是一个必须解决的问题，以便理解印度经济最近的技术停滞，尽管其制造业的外表很坚固。到目前为止，各种
As is well known, India was the earliest country in Asia to start her industrialization. From the 1830s modern technology for mass production was gradually and steadily transplanted from European countries, especially Great Britain. The cotton textile and jute industries were the most typical examples of such technological transfers which had brought to India a completely new system of management and labor organization as well as novel experience of machine operation. Nevertheless, in the case of the cotton textile industry, such a new factory system was already firmly rooted by the 1870s under the combination of Indian capital and British technical cadres. The tentative success of transplanting the new system was manifested in the huge amount of Indian coarse yarn that was being exported to the Chinese market in the 1880s and 1890s. This was partly a reflection of the advantage, in terms of cheap labor and geographical location, enjoyed by the first country to begin to industrialize in Asia. However, as early as the turn of the century the Indian cotton textile industry had begun to lose its international competitive power in the Chinese market, mainly because of the rapid growth of a newcomer, the Japanese cotton textile industry. In subsequent years India had furthermore to suffer from the threat of losing even her domestic market for cotton yarn and fabrics as a result of competition from the Japanese and Chinese cotton textile industries.Why did the Indian cotton textile industry so quickly lose its competitive power in the international market? This is the problem we should like to answer in this paper, and it is also a problem which must be solved in order to understand the recent technological stagnancy of the Indian economy despite the solid outward appearance of its manufacturing industry. Up to now, various