Datapolis: A Public Governance Perspective on “Smart Cities”
Datapolis: A Public Governance Perspective on “Smart Cities”
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数据城：“智慧城市”的公共治理视角
DOI：
10.1093/ppmgov/gvx017
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
A. Meijer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Meijer
智慧城市被认为是不可避免的，也是良性的未来：技术的发展是不可阻挡的，将给我们带来更富裕、更安全、更可持续的城市。然而，将技术投入使用从来都不完全是工程问题，而是战略、政治和价值选择的问题。本文结合了公共部门技术和（城市）治理方面的文献，从公共治理的角度探讨了智慧城市。核心理论概念“数据城”强调了如何从城市治理的“参与者”、“规则”和“游戏”的角度来理解智慧城市的建设。理论分析的结果确定了三种类型的行为者（国家，市场和民间社会），三个治理挑战（平衡观念，保证制衡和建立在不同形式的知识），和五个治理游戏（数据收集，数据存储，数据使用，数据可视化和数据访问的政治）。智慧城市的治理被重新定义为治理游戏中出现的社会技术结构。治理挑战是为智慧城市的认知、权力关系和决策制定合法的规则。
Smart cities are presented as both inevitable and benign futures: the technological development is unstoppable and will bring us wealthier, safer and more sustainable cities. Putting technology to use, however, is never entirely a matter of engineering but of strategic, political and value-laden choices. This article combines the literature on technology in the public sector and on (urban) governance to develop a public governance perspective on smart cities. The central theoretical concept “datapolis” highlights how the construction of smart cities can be understood in term of “actors,” “rules,” and “games” of urban governance. The theoretical analysis results in the identification of three types of actors (state, market, and civil society), three governance challenges (balancing perceptions, guaranteeing checks and balances and building upon different forms of knowing), and five governance games (the politics of data collection, data storage, data usage, data visualization and data access). The governance of smart cities is re-conceptualized as the socio-technical structures that emerge from the governance games. The governance challenge is to develop legitimate rules for perceptions, power relations and decisions in smart cities.