Multidimensional Structural Characterization is Required to Detect and Differentiate Among Moderate Disturbance Agents
Multidimensional Structural Characterization is Required to Detect and Differentiate Among Moderate Disturbance Agents
复制标题
需要多维结构表征来检测和区分中度干扰因素
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Gough
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Atkins;B. Bond‐Lamberty;R. Fahey;B. Hardiman;L. Haber;Ellen Stuart;E. LaRue;B. McNeil;D. Orwig;A. Stovall;J. Tallant;J. Walter;C. Gough
植被群落和结构变化的研究已经成为生态学的核心超过一个世纪，但干扰如何重塑森林冠层的物理结构仍然相对未知。包括火灾、冰暴、昆虫和病原体爆发在内的中等强度干扰影响不同的冠层和植物物种，这可能导致不同的结构结果和生态后果。地面激光雷达（光探测和测距）提供了一个前所未有的视图的内部安排和分布的冠层元素，允许导出多维措施的冠层结构，描述了几个冠层结构特征与已知的联系，生态系统功能。我们使用激光雷达衍生的冠层结构在机器学习框架内测量，以检测和区分各种干扰因素，包括中度火灾，冰暴损害，年龄相关的衰老，铁杉羊毛球孢病，山毛榉树皮病和慢性酸化。我们发现，干扰剂，如火灾和冰暴主要影响冠层内的植被的数量和位置，而酸化，病原体和昆虫的侵扰，衰老改变冠层的安排和复杂性。只有两个干扰剂显着减少叶面积，这表明，这种常见的量化冠层功能是不足以表征许多中等严重程度的干扰。相反，冠层结构的措施，包括那些描述多维变化，需要在中等严重程度的干扰，因为这些事件的结构变化是空间和定量变量的特征。我们的研究结果表明，标准的干扰检测方法，如基于光学的遥感平台，目前可能是有限的，在他们的能力来检测，区分和表征干扰。此外，我们的结论是，一个更广泛的包容性的生态干扰的定义，包括多个方面的冠层结构变化将提高建模，检测和预测的功能影响的中度严重干扰。
The study of vegetation community and structural change has been central to ecology for over a century, yet how disturbances reshape the physical structure of forest canopies remains relatively unknown. Moderate severity disturbance including fire, ice storms, insect and pathogen outbreaks, affects different canopy strata and plant species, which may give rise to variable structural outcomes and ecological consequences. Terrestrial lidar (light detection and ranging) offers an unprecedented view of the interior arrangement and distribution of canopy elements, permitting the derivation of multidimensional measures of canopy structure that describe several canopy structural traits with known linkages to ecosystem functioning. We used lidar-derived canopy structural measured within a machine learning framework to detect and differentiate among various disturbance agents, including moderate severity fire, ice storm damage, age-related senescence, hemlock woolly adelgid, beech bark disease, and chronic acidification. We found that disturbance agents such as fire and ice storms primarily affected the amount and position of vegetation within canopies, while acidification, pathogen and insect infestation, and senescence altered canopy arrangement and complexity. Only two of the six disturbance agents significantly reduced leaf area, indicating that this commonly quantified canopy feature is insufficient to characterize many moderate severity disturbances. Rather, measures of canopy structure, including those that describe multidimensional change, are needed to characterize disturbance at moderate severities because structural changes from these events are spatially and quantitatively variable. Our findings suggest that standard disturbance detection methods, such as optical based remote sensing platforms, may currently be limited in their ability to detect, differentiate, and characterize disturbance. Further, we conclude that a more broadly inclusive definition of ecological disturbance that incorporates multiple aspects of canopy structure change will improve the modeling, detection, and prediction of functional implications of moderate severity disturbance.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ehbrecht, Martin;Schall, Peter;Seidel, Dominik
通讯作者：
Seidel, Dominik
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Hardiman, Brady S.;LaRue, Elizabeth A.;Gough, Christopher M.
通讯作者：
Gough, Christopher M.
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Fahey, Robert T.;Atkins, Jeff W.;Schaberg, Paul G.
通讯作者：
Schaberg, Paul G.