Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity
Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1312213111
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发表时间：
2014-01-07
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Fischer, Markus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allan, Eric;Bossdorf, Oliver;Fischer, Markus
尽管时间异质性是生物多样性的一个公认的驱动因素，但土地利用强度年际变化的影响尚未得到解决。此外，不同生物对土地利用的反应可能有很大差异；因此，土地利用对当地总生物多样性的整体影响几乎不为人所知。为了检验LUI(量化为施肥、放牧和割草的综合强度)和LUI的年际变化(SD在LUI中随时间的变化)的影响，我们引入了一个独特的衡量整个生态系统生物多样性的指标--多样性。它综合了来自150个草原的多达49个植物、动物、真菌和细菌分类组的个体多样性衡量标准。多样性随着草地间LUI的增加而下降，尤其是稀有物种和地上生物，而普通物种和地下群落则不那么敏感。然而，高水平的年际变化增加了低光照度下的总体多样性，甚至对稀有物种更有利，因为它减缓了稀有物种多样性随光照度增加而下降的速度。在管理更为严密的草地上，当植被指数随时间变化不变时，稀有物种的多样性平均为所有草原最大多样性的18%，而当植被指数随时间变化最大时，物种多样性增加到最大多样性的31%。除了降低整体LUI外，我们还建议在不同年份改变LUI，作为促进生物多样性保护的补充策略。
Although temporal heterogeneity is a well-accepted driver of biodiversity, effects of interannual variation in land-use intensity (LUI) have not been addressed yet. Additionally, responses to land use can differ greatly among different organisms; therefore, overall effects of land-use on total local biodiversity are hardly known. To test for effects of LUI (quantified as the combined intensity of fertilization, grazing, and mowing) and interannual variation in LUI (SD in LUI across time), we introduce a unique measure of whole-ecosystem biodiversity, multidiversity. This synthesizes individual diversity measures across up to 49 taxonomic groups of plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria from 150 grasslands. Multidiversity declined with increasing LUI among grasslands, particularly for rarer species and aboveground organisms, whereas common species and belowground groups were less sensitive. However, a high level of interannual variation in LUI increased overall multidiversity at low LUI and was even more beneficial for rarer species because it slowed the rate at which the multidiversity of rare species declined with increasing LUI. In more intensively managed grasslands, the diversity of rarer species was, on average, 18% of the maximum diversity across all grasslands when LUI was static over time but increased to 31% of the maximum when LUI changed maximally over time. In addition to decreasing overall LUI, we suggest varying LUI across years as a complementary strategy to promote biodiversity conservation.