Prenatal Influences on Development: Behavior Is Not a Trivial Aspect of Fetal Life
Prenatal Influences on Development: Behavior Is Not a Trivial Aspect of Fetal Life
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产前对发育的影响：行为并不是胎儿生活的一个小方面
DOI：
10.1097/00004703-198706000-00009
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发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
S. Robinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. P. Smotherman;S. Robinson
这篇综述的主题是胎儿，这是一种最近受到行为科学家仔细研究的有机体。胎儿处于一种专有的共生状态，居住在一个提供刺激和营养的利基环境中，但这个利基环境多变，偶尔会造成危险。它表现出与环境的复杂关系，与其共生体交换信息，同时塑造和被其局部环境的特征塑造，但在面对环境变化时保持一种动态平衡的身份。该综述采用了一种胎儿发育的视角，该视角融合了传统的个体发生和畸形发生的概念，同时主张更广泛地将胎儿视为自身行为发育的参与者。人们在很大程度上认为，胎儿在产前阶段可能会受到次要因素的影响，这在很大程度上是理所当然的，但关于胎儿本身具有多样化和有组织的行为体系，并对环境变化做出反应的认识，只是在过去10年里才获得的。产前对行为影响的研究在多个方面都是一门萌芽科学。
The subject of this review is the fetus, an organism that has recently come under the scrutiny of behavioral scien-tists. The fetus exists in an obligate state of symbiosis, inhabiting a niche that provides stimulation and nutrition, but which is variable and occasionally poses a hazard. It exhibits a complex relationship with its environment, ex-changing information with its symbiont, simultaneously shaping and being shaped by features of its local environ-ment, yet maintaining a homeostatic identity in the face of environmental change.This review adopts a perspective of fetal development that incorporates traditional conceptions of ontogeny and teratogenesis while arguing for a broader view of the fetus as a participant in its own behavioral development. Acknowledgment that the fetus may be affected by sub-stances during the prenatal period is largely taken for granted, but knowledge that the fetus itself possesses a diverse and organized behavioral repertoire and is respon-sive to environmental change has been gained only in the past 10 years. The study of prenatal influences on behav-ior is an embryonic science in multiple respects.