Configurable electronics with low noise and 14-bit dynamic range for photodiode-based photon detectors
Configurable electronics with low noise and 14-bit dynamic range for photodiode-based photon detectors
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具有低噪声和 14 位动态范围的可配置电子器件，适用于基于光电二极管的光子探测器
DOI：
10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.246
复制
发表时间：
2006-09
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
我们描述了用于增益可调光子探测器的具有14位动态范围的定制可配置32通道整形/数字化前端电子(FEE)卡的原理和测量性能。该电子器件是为爱丽丝的PHOS量热计设计的，具有雪崩光电二极管读数，工作在−25°C的环境温度下，信号整形时间为1μS。该电子器件也被爱丽丝的EMCAL探测器采用，具有相同的雪崩光电二极管读数，但工作在+20°C的环境温度和整形时间为100 ns。FEED卡上的CR-RC2信号整形器在10层板上以离散逻辑实现，每个输入通道有两个整形器部分。增益比为16：1的两个整形器部分由10位ADC数字化，提供14位的有效动态范围。通过32个10位范围的偏置电压控制寄存器，可对每个单独的雪崩光电二极管进行增益调节。零极点补偿整形器的固定增益和整形时间在馈电生产之前由几个R和C分量的值定义。出于触发目的，可提供具有12位动态范围的“快速或”输出。基于现场可编程门阵列的从属逻辑与USB处理器相结合，支持各种远程控制和监控功能，包括雪崩光电二极管增益校准。在−环境温度为25℃，S整形时间为1μ的情况下，APD的平均均方根噪声电平达到0.25ADC计数或290个电子数，在动态范围内的线性度优于1%，整形时间和32个通道的增益的一致性也好于1%。由于输出脉冲形状与离线匹配的良好对应，在大约2GeV，即在PHOS动态范围的1.5%处，已经实现了通道之间小于1.5 ns的差分定时分辨率。
We describe the principles and measured performance of custom configurable 32-channel shaper/digitizer Front End Electronics (FEE) cards with 14-bit dynamic range for gain-adjustable photon detectors. The electronics has been designed for the PHOS calorimeter of ALICE with avalanche photodiode (APD) readout operated at −25°C ambient temperature and a signal shaping time of 1μs. The electronics has also been adopted by the EMCal detector of ALICE with the same APD readout, but operated at an ambient temperature of +20°C and with a shaping time of 100ns. The CR-RC2 signal shapers on the FEE cards are implemented in discrete logic on a 10-layer board with two shaper sections for each input channel. The two shaper sections with gain ratio of 16:1 are digitized by 10-bit ADCs and provide an effective dynamic range of 14 bits. Gain adjustment for each individual APD is available through 32 bias voltage control registers of 10-bit range. The fixed gains and shaping times of the pole-zero compensated shapers are defined prior to FEE production by the values of a few R and C components. For trigger purposes, “fast OR” outputs with 12-bit dynamic range are available. FPGA based slave logic, combined with a USB processor supports a variety of remote control and monitoring features, including APD gain calibration. The measurements presented here for APDs at −25°C ambient temperature and 1μs shaping time achieve an average RMS noise level of 0.25 ADC counts or 290 electrons.The linearity over the dynamic range is better than 1%, as is the uniformity of shaping time and gain over 32 channels. Due to the excellent correspondence of the output pulse shape with offline fit, a differential timing resolution of less than 1.5ns between channels has been achieved at ca. 2GeV, i.e. at 1.5% of the dynamic range of PHOS.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
[1991] IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing Conference Proceedings
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Rubin;P. Vyvre;P. Csató;E. Denes;T. Kiss;Z. Meggyesi;J. Sulyán;G. Vesztergombi;B. Eged;Istvan Gerencser;I. Novak;C. Soós;D. Tarjan;A. Telegdy;N. Toth
通讯作者：
G. Rubin;P. Vyvre;P. Csató;E. Denes;T. Kiss;Z. Meggyesi;J. Sulyán;G. Vesztergombi;B. Eged;Istvan Gerencser;I. Novak;C. Soós;D. Tarjan;A. Telegdy;N. Toth
DOI：
10.1109/pacrim.1991.160785
发表时间：
1991-05
期刊：
[1991] IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing Conference Proceedings
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. C. Candy;G. Temes
通讯作者：
J. C. Candy;G. Temes
DOI：
10.1109/nssmic.2002.1239377
发表时间：
2002-11
期刊：
2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. E. Bosch;A. J. D. Parga;B. Mota;L. Musa
通讯作者：
R. E. Bosch;A. J. D. Parga;B. Mota;L. Musa
DOI：
10.1016/j.nima.2005.03.174
发表时间：
2005-09-11
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Aleksandrov, DV;Burachas, SF;Kohara, R
通讯作者：
Kohara, R
DOI：
10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.208
发表时间：
2006-02
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
S. Bablok;E. Conner;G. Hartung;R. Keidel;C. Kofler;T. Krawutschke;V. Lindenstruth;D. Røhrich
通讯作者：
S. Bablok;E. Conner;G. Hartung;R. Keidel;C. Kofler;T. Krawutschke;V. Lindenstruth;D. Røhrich