Historical insights into cytokines
Historical insights into cytokines
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DOI：
10.1002/eji.200737772
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Dinarello, Charles A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dinarello, Charles A.
细胞因子影响几乎每一个生物过程;这些包括胚胎发育、疾病发病机制、对感染的非特异性反应、对抗原的特异性反应、认知功能的变化和衰老的退行性过程的进展。此外，细胞因子是干细胞分化、疫苗效力和同种异体移植排斥的一部分。这个简短的见解集中在细胞因子生物学的里程碑，以及这些小的，非结构蛋白质的各种往往相互矛盾的活动如何影响炎症和免疫学领域。多种生物学特性或多效性是细胞因子的标志。今天，术语“细胞因子”包括干扰素、白细胞介素、趋化因子家族、间充质生长因子、肿瘤坏死因子家族和脂肪因子。在撰写本文时，有33种细胞因子被称为白细胞介素，但其中许多是相关但不同的基因产物家族的一部分。当然，有超过100个独立的基因编码类尼古丁的活动，许多具有重叠的功能，许多仍然是未知的。本综述还讨论了细胞因子作为治疗靶点的失败和成功。该领域的最新进展是差异细胞因子产生，其可用于将人类疾病分类为“自身免疫性”或“自身炎性”，从而影响治疗干预。
Cytokines affect nearly every biological process; these include embryonic development, disease pathogenesis, non-specific response to infection, specific response to antigen, changes in cognitive functions and progression of the degenerative processes of aging. In addition, cytokines are part of stem cell differentiation, vaccine efficacy and allograft rejection. This short insight focuses on the milestones in cytokine biology and how the various and often contradictory activities of these small, non-structural proteins affected the fields of inflammation and immunology. Multiple biological properties or pleiotropism is the hallmark of a cytokine. Today, the term "cytokine" encompasses interferons, the interleukins, the chemokine family, mesenchymal growth factors, the tumor necrosis factor family and adipokines. As of this writing, 33 cytokines are called interleukins, but many are part of families of related but distinct gene products. There are certainly over 100 separate genes coding for cytokine-like activities, many with overlapping functions and many still unexplored. Also discussed in this overview are the failures and successes of cytokines as therapeutic targets. A recent advance in the field has been that of differential cytokine production, which can be used to classify human disease as being "autoimmune" or "autoinflammatory" thus impacting on therapeutic interventions.