Novel repeat polymorphisms of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter genes among dogs and wolves
Novel repeat polymorphisms of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter genes among dogs and wolves
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00335-007-9070-0
复制
发表时间：
2007-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Ronai, Zsolt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hejjas, Krisztina;Vas, Judit;Ronai, Zsolt
神经传递系统的遗传多态性在人类中被深入研究，因为它可能影响人格特征和精神疾病的风险。狗基因组的遗传变异研究最近成为一种很有前途的方法，因为狗和人类在遗传和社会方面都有相当大的相似性，这表明狗可以成为人类行为遗传研究的合适动物模型。本研究的目的是鉴定和分析犬多巴胺能神经递质系统基因的可变数目串联重复多态性（VNTRs）。在计算机搜索之后，开发了基于pcr的技术来分析假定的vntr。在酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）、多巴胺转运蛋白（DAT）和多巴胺-羟化酶（DBH）基因中发现了高度可变的重复序列区域。这些新多态性的等位基因频率和基因型分布，以及多巴胺D4受体基因的外显子3和外显子1 VNTR，在四个犬种（德国牧羊犬、比利时特威伦犬、格勒南达尔犬和马里诺伊犬）和欧洲灰狼的大样本中进行了测定。各品种间等位基因和基因型频率差异显著；因此，在活动-冲动表型和所描述的vntr之间也进行了关联分析。初步发现，DRD4、DBH和DAT基因的多态性可能与比利时特维尔人的注意力缺陷有关。
Genetic polymorphisms of the neurotransmission systems are intensively studied in the human because of a possible influence on personality traits and the risk of psychiatric disorders. The investigation of genetic variations of the dog genome has recently been a promising approach, as a considerable similarity can be observed between dogs and humans, in both genetic and social aspects, suggesting that the dog could become an appropriate animal model of human behavioral genetic studies. The aim of our study was the identification and analysis of variable number of tandem repeats polymorphisms (VNTRs) in the genes of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system of dogs. The in silico search was followed by the development of PCR-based techniques for the analysis of the putative VNTRs. Highly variable repetitive sequence regions were found in the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) genes. Allele frequency and genotype distribution of these novel polymorphisms together with the exon 3 and exon 1 VNTR of the dopamine D4 receptor gene were determined in a large sample involving four dog breeds (German Shepherd, Belgian Tervueren, Groenandael, and Malinois) and European Grey Wolves. A significant difference of allele and genotype frequencies was demonstrated among the analyzed breeds; therefore, an association analysis was also carried out between the activity-impulsivity phenotype and the described VNTRs. Preliminary findings are presented that polymorphisms of the DRD4, DBH, and DAT genes can be associated with attention deficit among Belgian Tervuerens.