Responses of Male and Female Black Grouse to Male Vocal Display
Responses of Male and Female Black Grouse to Male Vocal Display
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雄性和雌性黑松鸡对雄性发声的反应
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Lundberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Hovi;R. Alatalo;Matti Halonen;A. Lundberg
leks的进化可以用几种假说来解释。“女性偏好”假说认为，女性更喜欢聚集在一起的男性，这一假说最近得到了一些实证支持。低质量，没有吸引力的男性可能，但是，解决附近有吸引力的男性，预测的'hotshot'假说。我们测试了是否黑松鸡Tetrao tetrao女性使用听觉线索，以找到首选的leks，以及男性是否响应发出的声音显示leks。我们对Leks进行了一项雄性发声（rookooing）的回放实验，其中对来访的雌性和展示的雄性进行了计数。男性的数量往往增加更多的播放列克。具体来说，1岁的男性的数量是更多的播放网站比控制网站。此外，在实验开始前，雌性的数量与lek大小有关，呈增加趋势。此外，我们使用鸟舍播放试验，以测试女性是否区分单男性和多男性显示。在选择测试中，女性表现出更大的偏好“多男性”磁带。男性人数增加的趋势，对播放leks导致访问的年轻，移动的男性被吸引到leks，他们认为是大的。这表明在年轻男性的定居点中存在一种“抢手”型机制。由于女性也回应了补充的听觉广告，或直接增加男性的数量，“女性偏好”的假设也得到了支持。女性可能，至少部分地，根据他们的决定，其中列克访问听觉线索，但视觉接触，男性也可能需要。
The evolution of leks may be explained by several hypotheses. The ‘female preference’ hypothesis, which states that females favour males that have aggregated, has recently gained some empirical support. Low-quality, unattractive males may, however, settle near attractive males, as predicted by the ‘hotshot’ hypothesis. We tested whether black grouse Tetrao tetrix females use auditory cues to find the preferred leks, and whether males respond to vocal display emitted on leks. We conducted a playback experiment with male vocal display (rookooing) on leks, where the visiting females and displaying males were counted. The number of males tended to increase more on playback leks. Specifically, the number of 1-year-old males was greater on playback sites than on control sites. Also, the number of females, in relation to the lek size before the start of the experiment tended to increase. In addition, we used aviary playback trials to test whether females distinguish between single-male and multi-male displays. In a choice test, females showed greater preference for the ‘multi-male’ tape. The tendency for increased male numbers on playback leks resulted from increased visits of young, mobile males which were attracted to leks that they perceived to be large. This suggests a ‘hotshot’-type mechanism in the settlement of young males. Because females also responded to the supplemented auditory advertisement, or directly to the increased number of males, the ‘female preference’ hypothesis is also supported. Females may, at least in part, base their decision of which lek to visit on auditory cues, but visual contact to males may be also needed.