Soil Penetration by Earthworms and Plant Roots--Mechanical Energetics of Bioturbation of Compacted Soils.
Soil Penetration by Earthworms and Plant Roots--Mechanical Energetics of Bioturbation of Compacted Soils.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0128914
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schymanski SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruiz S;Or D;Schymanski SJ
我们量化的机械过程常见的土壤渗透蚯蚓和植物根系生长，包括土壤塑性位移的能量需求。基本的力学模型认为，空腔膨胀到一个塑料湿土涉及楔入根尖或蚯蚓通过锥状渗透，然后由空腔膨胀，由于加压的水骨架或根径向生长。机械应力和由此产生的土壤应变决定了在不同的土壤水力机械条件下，根/茎几何形状的实际范围内的生物扰动所需的机械能。模拟结果表明，较高的土壤含水量和减少粘土含量减少土壤渗透所需的应变能。临界压力随根部直径的增大而增大，但对锥顶形状不敏感。单位长度投入的机械能随着根系直径和根系直径的增加而增加，而单位置换土壤体积的机械能随着直径的增加而减少。这项研究提供了一个定量的框架，估计蚯蚓和植物根系所做的土壤渗透工作的能量需求，并划定生物扰动过程的内在和外部的机械限制。估计的能量需求的生物矿网络与土壤有机质的消费，并建议，生物种群可能会消耗生态系统净初级生产的一个显着的部分，以维持其地下活动。
We quantify mechanical processes common to soil penetration by earthworms and growing plant roots, including the energetic requirements for soil plastic displacement. The basic mechanical model considers cavity expansion into a plastic wet soil involving wedging by root tips or earthworms via cone-like penetration followed by cavity expansion due to pressurized earthworm hydroskeleton or root radial growth. The mechanical stresses and resulting soil strains determine the mechanical energy required for bioturbation under different soil hydro-mechanical conditions for a realistic range of root/earthworm geometries. Modeling results suggest that higher soil water content and reduced clay content reduce the strain energy required for soil penetration. The critical earthworm or root pressure increases with increased diameter of root or earthworm, however, results are insensitive to the cone apex (shape of the tip). The invested mechanical energy per unit length increase with increasing earthworm and plant root diameters, whereas mechanical energy per unit of displaced soil volume decreases with larger diameters. The study provides a quantitative framework for estimating energy requirements for soil penetration work done by earthworms and plant roots, and delineates intrinsic and external mechanical limits for bioturbation processes. Estimated energy requirements for earthworm biopore networks are linked to consumption of soil organic matter and suggest that earthworm populations are likely to consume a significant fraction of ecosystem net primary production to sustain their subterranean activities.
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DOI：
10.1016/0021-8634(69)90126-7
发表时间：
1969-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
ABDALLA, AM;HETTIARATCHI, DR;REECE, AR
通讯作者：
REECE, AR
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Crumsey, Jasmine M.;Le Moine, James M.;Nadelhoffer, Knute J.
通讯作者：
Nadelhoffer, Knute J.
影响因子：
--
作者：
BISHOP, RF;MOTT, NF
通讯作者：
MOTT, NF
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
Capowiez, Yvan;Cadoux, Stephane;Boizard, Hubert
通讯作者：
Boizard, Hubert
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
DURBAN, D;FLECK, NA
通讯作者：
FLECK, NA