How does legacy create sticking points for environmental management? Insights from challenges to implementation of the ecosystem approach
How does legacy create sticking points for environmental management? Insights from challenges to implementation of the ecosystem approach
复制标题
遗留问题如何成为环境管理的症结所在？
DOI：
10.5751/es-07594-200221
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
K. Holstead
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Waylen;K. Blackstock;K. Holstead
有许多建议要求环境管理做法采取更全面或更系统的办法，并加强利益攸关方的参与。然而，管理实践并不总是符合或实现这些理想。我们探讨了为什么理论可能无法通过探索寻求实施生态系统方法的项目经验来反映实践，这一概念需要参与式整体管理。一个定性的归纳方法被用来了解的过程中，成就，并在不列颠群岛的16个项目所面临的挑战。许多项目在实现其目标方面取得了重大进展，但未能实现充分参与的整体管理。造成这一失败的许多挑战可以用以前项目的遗留影响和更广泛的社会生态系统来解释。这些遗留效应不一定意味着固定的路径依赖或锁定。因此，我们将这些影响称为粘着点。根据有关制度分析和知识生产的文献，我们区分了三种主要类型的症结：（1）制度性的，源于以前的工作方式;（2）认知性的，源于框架和认知方式;（3）政治性的，源于预先存在的权力关系。这些症结可能会相互作用。例如，促进系统思维和管理的努力可能会受到简化主义思维倾向的阻碍，而简化主义思维本身又因预先存在的法定目标对优先次序的限制而得到加强。这些影响往往来自社会和机构环境的各个方面，超出了任何单个项目的控制范围。粘性不一定都是坏的，但往往会限制“开放”远离以前的方法。由于自然资源管理的长期成功被认为取决于更多的综合性、参与性和整体性的环境管理，我们认为这些症结需要在研究和实践中得到更明确的关注。
There are many recommendations for environmental management practices to adopt more holistic or systems-based approaches and to strengthen stakeholder participation. However, management practices do not always match or achieve these ideals. We explore why theory may not be reflected by practice by exploring experiences of projects seeking to implement the ecosystem approach, a concept that entails participatory holistic management. A qualitative inductive approach was used to understand the processes, achievements, and challenges faced by 16 projects across the British Isles. Many projects made significant progress toward their goals, yet failed to achieve fully participatory holistic management. Many of the challenges that contributed to this failure can be explained in terms of the legacy effects of previous projects and the wider social-ecological system. These legacy effects do not necessarily imply a fixed path dependency or lock-in. We therefore call these effects sticking points. Drawing on the literature on institutional analysis and knowledge production, we distinguish three main types of sticking point: (1) institutional, arising from previous ways of working; (2) cognitive, arising from ways of framing and knowing; and (3) political, arising from pre-existing power relations. These sticking points may interact. For example, attempts to promote systems thinking and management may be impeded by a tendency for reductionist thinking, itself reinforced by the constraints on prioritization that arise from pre-existing statutory targets. These influences often arise from aspects of societal and institutional context beyond the control of any individual project. Stickiness is not necessarily all bad, but often acts to constrain the "opening up" away from previous approaches. Because the long- term success of natural resource management is argued to depend on more integrated, participatory, and holistic environmental management, we argue that these sticking points demand more explicit attention in both research and practice.
DOI：
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.09.002
发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Harries, Tim;Penning-Rowsell, Edmund
通讯作者：
Penning-Rowsell, Edmund