microRNAs as Novel Therapeutics in Cancer.
microRNAs as Novel Therapeutics in Cancer.
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DOI：
10.3390/cancers13071526
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发表时间：
2021-03-26
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Nana-Sinkam P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Romano G;Acunzo M;Nana-Sinkam P
在过去的几年里，我们见证了抗肿瘤药物开发的令人难以置信的进步。microRNA是一类在所有癌症中失调的小的非编码RNA，最近已被选为用于治疗包括癌症在内的多种疾病的候选疗法。本综述的范围是对癌症中最相关的microRNA的作用进行一些深入了解。我们将重点研究它们在肿瘤发展中的生物学作用，同时也提供了microRNA作为治疗药物的广泛概述。除了努力提高这些递送方法的特异性之外，还专注于可用于microRNA递送的不同方法。最后，我们讨论了正在进行的使用microRNA治疗癌症的临床试验。在过去的20年里，miRNAs在基因调控中的功能作用已经得到很好的确立。miRNAs在几乎所有的生物学途径中都起着调节剂的作用，因此与包括癌症在内的许多疾病有关。它们在调节癌症的基本特征中特别相关，包括细胞凋亡、增殖、迁移和侵袭。尽管在确定驱动癌症中miRNA失调的分子机制方面取得了实质性进展，但这些重要分子的临床翻译治疗仍处于起步阶段。可用于安全有效递送miRNA的载体的缺乏以及对毒性的持续关注仍然是临床应用的主要障碍。新制剂和新载体的开发显著改善了寡核苷酸的稳定性，提高了治疗的有效性。此外，在靶组织或细胞中递送的特定部分的使用增加了治疗的特异性。新技术的使用使得在肿瘤组织和细胞中实现更特异性的治疗递送方面迈出了小而重要的一步。虽然道路还很长，但前面的道路具有巨大的潜力。目前，一些miRNA药物正在人体临床试验中进行研究，并取得了可喜的成果。
Over the last few years, we have witnessed incredible advancements in anti-tumor drug development. microRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs dysregulated in all cancers, have been recently elected as candidate therapeutics for treating a variety of diseases, including cancer. The scope of this review is to give some insight into the role of the most relevant microRNAs in cancer. We will focus on examining their biological role in tumor development while also providing a broad overview of microRNAs as therapeutics. There is a dedicated focus on the different methods available for microRNA delivery in addition to the efforts being made to increase the specificity of these delivery methods. Finally, we discuss the ongoing clinical trials that are using microRNAs for cancer treatment. In the last 20 years, the functional roles for miRNAs in gene regulation have been well established. MiRNAs act as regulators in virtually all biological pathways and thus have been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. They are particularly relevant in regulating the basic hallmarks of cancer, including apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Despite the substantial progress made in identifying the molecular mechanisms driving the deregulation of miRNAs in cancer, the clinical translation of these important molecules to therapy remains in its infancy. The paucity of vehicles available for the safe and efficient delivery of miRNAs and ongoing concerns for toxicity remain major obstacles to clinical application. Novel formulations and the development of new vectors have significantly improved the stability of oligonucleotides, increasing the effectiveness of therapy. Furthermore, the use of specific moieties for delivery in target tissues or cells has increased the specificity of treatment. The use of new technologies has allowed small but important steps toward more specific therapeutic delivery in tumor tissues and cells. Although a long road remains, the path ahead holds great potential. Currently, a few miRNA drugs are under investigation in human clinical trials with promising results ahead.
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影响因子：
46.9
作者：
Dassie, Justin P.;Liu, Xiu-ying;Thomas, Gregory S.;Whitaker, Ryan M.;Thiel, Kristina W.;Stockdale, Katie R.;Meyerholz, David K.;McCaffrey, Anton P.;McNamara, James O., II;Giangrande, Paloma H.
通讯作者：
Giangrande, Paloma H.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Campani, Virginia;De Rosa, Giuseppe;Grimaldi, Anna
通讯作者：
Grimaldi, Anna
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0602266103
发表时间：
2006-05-02
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Costinean, S;Zanesi, N;Croce, CM
通讯作者：
Croce, CM
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Akao, Y.;Nakagawa, Y.;Naoe, T.
通讯作者：
Naoe, T.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0404432101
发表时间：
2004-08-10
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Calin, GA;Liu, CG;Croce, CM
通讯作者：
Croce, CM