The genital econiche: focus on microbiota and bacterial vaginosis
The genital econiche: focus on microbiota and bacterial vaginosis
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06041.x
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Moi, Harald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Danielsson, Dan;Teigen, Per Kristen;Moi, Harald
生态和进化的力量塑造生殖器econiche的正常和异常的微生物群落进行了讨论，特别是那些与细菌性阴道病，这是世界范围内最常见的阴道感染，与许多产科和妇科并发症，包括收购和传播：艾滋病毒和其他性传播感染（STI）。细菌性阴道病的特征是革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性厌氧菌的大量过度生长，而无炎症迹象，一直被认为是微生物和免疫学上的一个谜。对正常和异常阴道微生物群的免疫耐受性，主要来自肠道微生物群，作为与人类共同进化的结果，可能解释炎症的缺乏，由短链脂肪酸支持，已知调节免疫反应，由厌氧菌大量产生。最近的研究表明，阴道生物膜的发展与阴道加德纳菌和阴道Atopobium阴道作为主要参与者的细菌性阴道病的发病机制。支持这一结论的数据，如那些证明G。迷走细胞和多种多样的厌氧菌，具有许多从生物膜脱落的“线索细胞”。附着在这些线索细胞上的Gardnerella和Atopobium有机体可以在男性生殖器econiche中得到证明，可能反映了这种疾病的异性传播。
Ecological and evolutionary forces shaping the normal and abnormal microflora of the genital econiche are discussed, in particular those related to bacterial vaginosis, which worldwide is the most common vaginal infection, with numerous obstetrical and gynecological complications, including acquisition and transmission: of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Characterized by a heavy overgrowth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive anaerobes with no signs of inflammation, bacterial vaginosis has been regarded a microbiological and immunological enigma. Immune tolerance to both normal and abnormal vaginal microbiota, mainly derived from gut microflora, as a result of coevolution with humans might explain the absence of inflammation, supported by short-chain fatty acids, known to modulate immune responses, that are produced in large quantities by anaerobes. Recent studies have implicated the development of a vaginal biofilm with Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae as main players in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis. Supporting this conclusion are data such as those demonstrating heavy growth of G. vaginalis and diversified anaerobes with numerous "clue cells" that are sloughing off from the biofilm. Gardnerella and Atopobium organisms attached to these clue cells can be demonstrated in the male genital econiche, likely reflecting a heterosexual transmission of the disorder.