Global mapping of urban-rural catchment areas reveals unequal access to services.
Global mapping of urban-rural catchment areas reveals unequal access to services.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2011990118
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发表时间：
2021-01-12
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
McMenomy T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cattaneo A;Nelson A;McMenomy T
实际获得的服务和就业机会影响着世界各地人们的生活。对于生活在农村地区的 34 亿人来说，附近城市中心的规模和相关的出行时间影响着可用服务和机会的广度及其可及性。我们确定了不同规模的城市中心的集水区以及每个城市或城镇吸引了多少人口，提供了农村地区与城市中心之间联系的完整空间表征，以及对城乡系统多样性的新见解。全球数据集为减贫、粮食系统、健康和教育等各个学科的应用研究打开了大门，在这些学科中，人的居住地是一个重要因素。利用前往不同规模城市的旅行时间，我们绘制了城乡连续体的人口图，以改进城乡互动的标准二分表示。我们通过以下方式扩展了现有方法：1）建立在中心地理论的基础上，捕捉不同规模城市中心提供的服务和就业机会的城市层次结构；2）定义城乡集水区（URCA），表达城市中心与其周边农村地区之间的相互联系；3）采用跨国家可比较的全球网格方法。我们发现，全球四分之一的人口居住在中小城镇的城郊地区，这对大城市在发展中的中心地位提出了挑战。在低收入国家，64% 的人口居住在小城镇或其集水区内，这对获得服务和就业机会产生重大影响。与大城市相比，中小城市似乎为更多的人口提供了集水区。这可能表明，对于向中等收入过渡的国家来说，加强城市中心与其周边农村地区之间的经济联系的政策和投资可能与投资于城市化或农村腹地同样重要。所提供的数据集可以使政策制定者更深入地关注城乡互动，从而支持国家经济规划和领土发展战略。
Physical access to services and employment opportunities shapes the lives of people everywhere. For 3.4 billion people living in rural locations, the size of nearby urban centers and the associated travel time affect the breadth of services and opportunities available and their accessibility. We identify catchment areas of urban centers of different sizes and how many people gravitate toward each city or town, providing a full spatial representation of the connection between rural areas and urban centers and fresh insights on the diversity of urban–rural systems. The global dataset opens the door to applied research in various disciplines—such as poverty reduction, food systems, health, and education—where a person’s place of residence is an important factor. Using travel time to cities of different sizes, we map populations across an urban–rural continuum to improve on the standard dichotomous representations of urban–rural interactions. We extend existing approaches by 1) building on central place theory to capture the urban hierarchy in access to services and employment opportunities provided by urban centers of different sizes, 2) defining urban–rural catchment areas (URCAs) expressing the interconnection between urban centers and their surrounding rural areas, and 3) adopting a global gridded approach comparable across countries. We find that one-fourth of the global population lives in periurban areas of intermediate and smaller cities and towns, which challenges the centrality of large cities in development. In low-income countries, 64% of the population lives either in small cities and towns or within their catchment areas, which has major implications for access to services and employment opportunities. Intermediate and small cities appear to provide catchment areas for proportionately more people gravitating around them than larger cities. This could indicate that, for countries transitioning to middle income, policies and investments strengthening economic linkages between urban centers and their surrounding rural areas may be as important as investing in urbanization or the rural hinterlands. The dataset provided can support national economic planning and territorial development strategies by enabling policy makers to focus more in depth on urban–rural interactions.
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影响因子：
0.5
作者：
Berdegue, Julio A.;Hiller, Tatiana;Vargas, Olga
通讯作者：
Vargas, Olga
DOI：
10.1080/04353684.2017.1419071
发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Dymitrow, Mirek;Brauer, Rene
通讯作者：
Brauer, Rene
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Jones, Martin;Woods, Michael
通讯作者：
Woods, Michael
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Boussauw, Kobe;van Meeteren, Michiel;Witlox, Frank
通讯作者：
Witlox, Frank
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Berdegue, Julio A.;Carriazo, Fernando;Soloaga, Isidro
通讯作者：
Soloaga, Isidro