How participative is open source hardware? Insights from online repository mining
How participative is open source hardware? Insights from online repository mining
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DOI：
10.1017/dsj.2018.15
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发表时间：
2018-11-21
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Stark, Rainer G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonvoisin, Jeremy;Buchert, Tom;Stark, Rainer G.
开源硬件（OSH）是一种日益可行的知识产权管理方法，将开源软件（OSS）的原则扩展到物理产品领域。这些原则支持在透明的过程中开发产品，允许任何感兴趣的人参与。虽然越来越多的产品被作为职业安全与卫生发布，但在这一新兴领域，参与式开发实践的流行程度却鲜为人知。目前尚不清楚从软件开始的透明和参与性过程在多大程度上影响了硬件产品开发。为了填补这一空白，本文应用存储库挖掘技术对105个职业安全卫生产品开发项目的透明度和工作量分配进行了研究。结果突出表明，在公共和私人发展环境之间存在一定的实践异质性。它们揭示了不同集中化和分布程度的不同组织模式。尽管如此，它们清楚地表明了开源开发模型从软件向物理产品领域的扩展，并提供了这种最近演变的第一个大规模的经验证据。因此，本文对这一新兴现象进行了阐述，并有助于在科学辩论中占有一席之地。它提供了描述实践的类别，更详细地调查它们的技术以及典型职业安全与健康项目的大型数据集。第一次结果的讨论为一系列旨在理解新产品创新实践中利益相关者相互作用的研究指明了道路，以便使机构和行业能够提供适当的响应。
Open Source Hardware (OSH) is an increasingly viable approach to intellectual property management extending the principles of Open Source Software (OSS) to the domain of physical products. These principles support the development of products in transparent processes allowing the participation of any interested person. While increasing numbers of products have been released as OSH, little is known on the prevalence of participative development practices in this emerging field. It remains unclear to which extent the transparent and participatory processes known from software reached hardware product development. To fill this gap, this paper applies repository mining techniques to investigate the transparency and workload distribution of 105 OSH product development projects. The results highlight a certain heterogeneity of practices filling a continuum between public and private development settings. They reveal different organizational patterns with different levels of centralization and distribution. Nonetheless, they clearly indicate the expansion of the open source development model from software into the realms of physical products and provide the first large-scale empirical evidence of this recent evolution. Therewith, this article gives body to an emerging phenomenon and contributes to give it a place in the scientific debate. It delivers categories to delineate practices, techniques to investigate them in further detail as well as a large dataset of exemplary OSH projects. The discussion of first results signposts avenues for a stream of research aiming at understanding stakeholder interactions at work in new product innovation practices in order to enable institutions and industry in providing appropriate responses.