Does the organization of emotional expression change over time? Facial expressivity from 4 to 12 months
Does the organization of emotional expression change over time? Facial expressivity from 4 to 12 months
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DOI：
10.1207/s15327078in0802_4
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Lewis, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bennett, DS;Bendersky, M;Lewis, M
分化模型认为，面部表情的组织在婴儿期增加。因此，婴儿被认为随着发育而响应于刺激而表现出越来越具体的面部表情。本研究对151名婴儿（83名男孩和68名女孩）在4个月和12个月大时在4种情况（发痒、酸味、手臂束缚和蒙面陌生人）下观察的样本进行了测试。4种情况中有3种显示出随时间推移特异性增加的证据。在对反复无常的反应中，表现出喜悦表情的婴儿数量增加，表现出兴趣、惊讶和惊讶混合的婴儿数量从4个月到12个月减少。在品尝酸味物质时，随着时间的推移，更多的婴儿表现出厌恶，更少的婴儿表现出喜悦和兴趣的表情，以及恐惧和惊讶的混合。对于手臂约束，随着时间的推移，更多的婴儿表现出愤怒的表情和愤怒的混合，更少的表现出兴趣和惊讶的表情和惊讶的混合。然而，在对一个戴着面具的陌生人的反应中，没有发现特异性增加的证据。总的来说，这些研究结果表明，婴儿在生命的第一年里越来越多地表现出对特定刺激的特定表达。这些数据为面部表情随着时间的推移变得越来越有组织的假设提供了部分支持。
Differentiation models contend that the organization of facial expressivity increases during infancy. Accordingly, infants are believed to exhibit increasingly specific facial expressions in response to stimuli as a function of development. This study tested this hypothesis in a sample of 151 infants (83 boys and 68 girls) observed in 4 situations (tickle, sour taste, arm restraint, and masked stranger) at 4 and 12 months of age. Three of the 4 situations showed evidence of increasing specificity over time. In response to fickle, the number of infants exhibiting joy expressions increased and the number exhibiting interest, surprise, and surprise blends decreased from 4 to 12 months. In tasting a sour substance, more infants exhibited disgust and fewer exhibited joy and interest expressions, and fear and surprise blends over time. For arm restraint, more infants exhibited anger expressions and anger blends and fewer exhibited interest and surprise expressions and surprise blends over time. In response to a masked stranger, however, no evidence of increased specificity was found. Overall, these findings suggest that infants increasingly exhibit particular expressions in response to specific stimuli during the 1st year of life. These data provide partial support for the hypothesis that facial expressivity becomes increasingly organized over time.