Evaluation of oral rabies vaccination programs for control of rabies epizootics in coyotes and gray foxes: 1995-2003
Evaluation of oral rabies vaccination programs for control of rabies epizootics in coyotes and gray foxes: 1995-2003
复制标题
DOI：
10.2460/javma.2005.227.785
复制
发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Johnston, DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sidwa, TJ;Wilson, PJ;Johnston, DH
目的：评价1995 - 2003年2例野生动物狂犬病流行的干预效果，其中9例为土狼口服狂犬病疫苗接种，8例为灰狐口服狂犬病疫苗接种。设计回顾性研究。动物：接种前监测期间有98只土狼，接种后监测期间有963只土狼和104只非目标动物，接种后监测期间有699只灰狐和561只非目标动物。方法：利用飞机将可食用毒饵中含有的重组病毒口服狂犬疫苗分发给土狼和灰狐食用。采用显微分析方法对监测动物上犬齿及相关骨结构中的四环素生物标志物进行检测。采用快速荧光焦点抑制试验检测血清狂犬病毒中和抗体，监测血清学反应。通过主动和被动监测活动记录分布区域的狂犬病发病率；对确诊狂犬病动物的狂犬病毒变异进行了跟踪，以确定在分发疫苗前后狂犬病病例的数量和类型。结果：由于疫苗毒饵计划的实施，这两种动物流行病的蔓延都得到了遏制。在德克萨斯州南部，由家养狗-土狼狂犬病病毒变种引起的实验室确认的狂犬病动物数量下降到0只，而在德克萨斯州中西部，由德克萨斯狐狸狂犬病病毒变种引起的实验室确认的狂犬病动物数量下降。结论和临床相关性数据表明，口服狂犬病疫苗可在足够比例的目标野生动物种群中产生保护性免疫，以阻止疾病的传播，并为控制这些物种的狂犬病提供了有效手段。
Objective-To evaluate the effectiveness of intervention efforts to halt 2 wildlife rabies epizootics from 1995 through 2003, including 9 oral rabies vaccination campaigns for coyotes and 8 oral rabies vaccination campaigns for gray foxes.Design-Retrospective study.Animals-98 coyotes during prevaccination surveillance and 963 coyotes and 104 nontarget animals during postvaccination surveillance in south Texas, and 699 gray foxes and 561 nontarget animals during postvaccination surveillance in west-central Texas.Procedures-A recombinant-virus oral rabies vaccine in edible baits was distributed by aircraft for consumption by coyotes and gray foxes. Bait acceptance was monitored by use of microscopic analysis of tetracycline biomarker in upper canine teeth and associated bone structures in animals collected for surveillance. Serologic responses were monitored by testing sera for rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies by use of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. The incidence of rabies in the distribution area was recorded via active and passive surveillance activities; tracking of rabies virus variants in confirmed rabid animals was used to determine the number and type of rabies cases before and after distributions of the vaccine.Results-The expansion of both epizootics was halted as a result of the vaccine bait program. The number of laboratory-confirmed rabid animals attributable to the domestic dog-coyote rabies virus variant in south Texas declined to 0, whereas the number of laboratory-confirmed rabid animals attributable to the Texas fox rabies virus variant in west-central Texas decreased.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Data indicated that oral rabies vaccination resulted in protective immunity in a sufficient percentage of the target wildlife population to preclude propagation of the disease and provided an effective means of controlling rabies in these species.