How ideas spread: Whose norms matter? Norm localization and institutional change in Asian regionalism
How ideas spread: Whose norms matter? Norm localization and institutional change in Asian regionalism
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DOI：
10.1017/s0020818304582024
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Acharya, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Acharya, A
关于世界政治中规范扩散的问题不仅仅是关于思想是否重要以及如何重要，还涉及哪些思想重要以及谁的思想重要。关于规范的建构主义学术倾向于关注道德转变的“困难”案例，其中“好的”全球规范压倒了“坏的”地方信仰和实践。但是，许多地方信仰本身就是合法规范秩序的一部分，这是接受外国规范的条件。超越存在主义的一致性概念，本文提出了一个规范扩散的动态解释，描述了当地代理人如何重建外国规范，以确保规范符合代理人的认知先验和身份。因此，一致性建设成为接受的关键。本地化，而不是全盘接受或拒绝，解决了大多数情况下的规范性认证。本文通过比较两种跨国规范对东盟的影响，指出规范对东盟的接受程度的差异，即它们对东盟目标和制度结构的改变，可以用当地主体重建规范以确保更好地适应先前的当地规范的能力差异来解释，以及本地化规范的潜力，以增强他们先前的一些信仰和制度的吸引力。
Questions about norm diffusion in world politics are not simply about whether and how ideas matter, but also which and whose ideas matter. Constructivist scholarship on norms tends to focus on "hard" cases of moral transformation in which "good" global norms prevail over the "bad" local beliefs and practices. But many local beliefs are themselves part of a legitimate normative order, which conditions the acceptance of foreign norms. Going beyond an existential notion of congruence, this article proposes a dynamic explanation of norm diffusion that describes how local agents reconstruct foreign norms to ensure the norms fit with the agents' cognitive priors and identities. Congruence building thus becomes key to acceptance. Localization, not wholesale acceptance or rejection, settles most cases of normative contestation. Comparing the impact of two transnational norms on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), this article shows that the variation in the norms' acceptance, indicated by the changes they produced in the goals and institutional apparatuses of the regional group, could be explained by the differential ability of local agents to reconstruct the norms to ensure a better fit with prior local norms, and the potential of the localized norm to enhance the appeal of some of their prior beliefs and institutions.