The reputational and social network benefits of prosociality in an Andean community
The reputational and social network benefits of prosociality in an Andean community
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1318372111
复制
发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Smith, Eric A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lyle, Henry F., III;Smith, Eric A.
已经出现了几种理论来解释群体合作（集体行动）在面对搭便车的激励时如何产生和维持。对于缺乏惩罚或惩罚不足以阻止搭便车行为的情况，关注声誉利益和合作伙伴选择的解释尤其有希望。在秘鲁高地的土著社区，集体行动十分普遍，并带来了重要的好处。集体行动的参与在家庭之间是不平等的，但所有家庭都分享其利益。重要的是，对集体行动的投资需要大量的时间、精力和风险。集体行动中的差异性参与可以传达有关其他社区成员不易观察到的品质的信息，例如合作意图、知识、职业道德、技能和/或身体活力。传达此类信息可以增强对适应性支持网络的访问。在秘鲁高地社区收集的访谈和观察数据表明，对集体行动做出更多贡献的人在集体行动方面享有更可靠、更勤奋的声誉，也被认为是社区中最受尊敬、最有影响力和最慷慨的人。此外，声誉较高的户主拥有更多的社会支持伙伴（以网络入度中心性来衡量），而拥有较大支持网络的家庭经历的疾病症状较少。
Several theories have emerged to explain how group cooperation (collective action) can arise and be maintained in the face of incentives to engage in free riding. Explanations focusing on reputational benefits and partner choice have particular promise for cases in which punishment is absent or insufficient to deter free riding. In indigenous communities of highland Peru, collective action is pervasive and provides critical benefits. Participation in collective action is unequal across households, but all households share its benefits. Importantly, investment in collective action involves considerable time, energy, and risk. Differential participation in collective action can convey information about qualities of fellow community members that are not easily observable otherwise, such as cooperative intent, knowledge, work ethic, skill, and/or physical vitality. Conveying such information may enhance access to adaptive support networks. Interview and observational data collected in a Peruvian highland community indicate that persons who contributed more to collective action had greater reputations as reliable, hard workers with regard to collective action and also were considered the most respected, influential, and generous people in the community. Additionally, household heads with greater reputations had more social support partners (measured as network indegree centrality), and households with larger support networks experienced fewer illness symptoms.