Vali Khan Tura: A Makhdumzada Leader in Marghinan during the Collapse of the Khanate of Khoqand
Vali Khan Tura: A Makhdumzada Leader in Marghinan during the Collapse of the Khanate of Khoqand
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瓦利·汗·图拉（Vali Khan Tura）：浩罕汗国崩溃期间马尔吉南的马赫杜姆扎达领袖
DOI：
10.1163/9789004373075_007
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kawahara Yayoi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
山本圭子（監修：福嶋義光;編集：櫻井晃洋・古庄知己）;山本圭子（監修：山本俊至）;河原弥生;Kawahara Yayoi
本文以中亚的一个谢赫家族为例，探讨了一个自称是16世纪著名的纳克什班迪谢赫（Naqshbandarshaykh）的自然后裔的马赫德姆扎达家族（Makhdmzāda family）的首领所扮演的角色。1542年，他被广泛称为Makhdm-i A am（“伟大的大师”）的尊称-在Khoqand汗国的最后几年和俄罗斯在该地区的直接统治开始时，在法尔加纳山谷的一个着名城镇Marghnān。[1]这位领袖名叫瓦勒·汗·杜拉，是一位有影响力的谢赫，是穆斯林（门徒）的精神导师，也是当地社会的一位杰出成员，积极参与公共服务。随着可汗在玛格南的权威的消亡，他成为了该地区的实际统治者，并建立了一个反对俄罗斯统治及其支持者的ghazavāt。尽管加扎瓦特被击败，其崩溃导致整个Khoqand汗国领土正式并入俄罗斯，但瓦力·汗·图拉在当地社会的权威和声誉仍然完好无损;事实上，在他的伽萨瓦被击败两年后，当他于1878年被俄罗斯当局逮捕并监禁时，Marghannān的居民成功地请求释放他，这表明瓦勒汗·塔茹拉在当时的政治动荡时期是玛格南最接近“人民领袖”的人物。瓦勒汗·塔茹拉的名声既依赖于他的马赫达姆扎达家族的地位，也提高了他们的地位。今天，在Marghannān及其郊区有这个家族的现存的Mazārs，他们的后代拥有许多历史文献，如家谱，契约和圣徒传。后人也保留了关于家族起源的各种传说。根据这些消息来源，该家族的祖先成为著名的奇迹表演
This paper presents a case study of a family of shaykhs in Central Asia, exploring the role played by the leader of a Makhdūmzāda family—ie, a family claiming natural descent from the prominent 16th-century Naqshbandī shaykh, Khwāja Aḥmad Kāsānī (d. 1542), who was widely known by his honorific title of Makhdūm-i Aʿẓam (“Great Master”)—in Marghīnān, a prominent town of the Farghana valley, during the last years of the Khanate of Khoqand and the beginning of direct Russian rule in the region. 1 The leader in question, known as Valī Khān Tūra, was an influential shaykh, a spiritual guide of murīds (disciples), as well as a prominent member of local society who was actively involved in public service. With the demise of the khān’s authority in Marghīnān, he became the virtual ruler of the region and raised a ghazavāt against Russian rule and its supporters. Although the ghazavāt was defeated, its collapse occasioning the official annexation to Russia of the entire territory of the Khanate of Khoqand, Valī Khān Tūra’s authority and reputation in local society remained intact; indeed, two years after the defeat of his ghazavāt, when he was arrested in 1878 and imprisoned by the Russian authorities, the residents of Marghīnān successfully petitioned for his release, suggesting that Valī Khān Tūra was the closest thing to a ‘popular leader’in Marghīnān during those times of violent political upheaval.Valī Khān Tūra’s reputation both drew upon, and enhanced, the status of his Makhdūmzāda family. Today in Marghīnān and its suburbs there are extant mazārs of this family, and their descendants possess numerous historical documents, such as genealogies, deeds, and hagiographies. The descendants have also maintained various legends concerning the family’s origins. According to these sources, the family’s ancestors became famous as miracle-performing