Next generation media monitoring: Global coverage of electronic nicotine delivery systems (electronic cigarettes) on Bing, Google and Twitter, 2013-2018
Next generation media monitoring: Global coverage of electronic nicotine delivery systems (electronic cigarettes) on Bing, Google and Twitter, 2013-2018
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0205822
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发表时间：
2018-11-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Cohen, Joanna E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ayers, John W.;Dredze, Mark;Cohen, Joanna E.
新闻媒体监测是一项重要的科学工具。通过将新闻记者视为数据收集者，并将他们的报告视为快速变化的公共卫生环境的定性描述，研究人员可以收集许多有价值的见解。然而，在公共卫生媒体监测方面的创新却少得令人惊讶，几乎所有的研究都依赖于劳动密集型的内容分析，仅限于少数媒体报道。我们建议通过使用可扩展的机器学习来推进这一子领域。在迄今为止最大的当代公共卫生媒体监测研究中，我们使用自然语言处理技术系统地描述了围绕电子烟或电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）的全球新闻报道。包括ENDS术语的新闻报道（例如，2013年1月1日至2018年7月31日期间，来自超过100，000个来源（所有来源均存档在Google新闻或Bing新闻上，以及Twitter上分享的所有新闻文章）的“电子烟”）受到监控。地理和主题（例如，流行、禁令、退出、警告、营销、价格、年龄、风味和行业）的新闻文章焦点，它们在社交媒体上分享新闻的读者中的受欢迎程度，以及新闻文章背后的情绪，都是通过算法进行评估的。全球共有86，872篇ENDS新闻报道，报道范围从2013年的每天8篇（标准差[SD] = 8）增加到2018年的每天75篇（SD = 56）。ENDS新闻的焦点遍及148个国家，其中多数集中在美国（占所有新闻的34%）。ENDS媒体活动可能被忽视的热点包括中国、埃及、俄罗斯、乌克兰和巴拉圭。最常见的主题是关于ENDS的警告（18%），其次是禁止使用ENDS（13%）和ENDS价格（9%）。口味和年龄限制是报道最少的新闻主题（各为-1%）。在不同的主题焦点中，使用ENDS戒烟的报告在流行度排名的前三个十分位中得分的概率最高。此外，关于离职和价格的ENDS新闻平均比其他主题的新闻更积极。公共卫生领导人可以利用这些趋势来了解媒体如何描绘ENDS，以及公众如何看待ENDS。由于我们的分析策略是在接近真实的时间内更新的，我们的目标是使媒体监测成为标准做法的一部分，以支持未来的循证烟草控制。
News media monitoring is an important scientific tool. By treating news reporters as data collectors and their reports as qualitative accounts of a fast changing public health landscape, researchers can glean many valuable insights. Yet, there have been surprisingly few innovations in public health media monitoring, with nearly all studies relying on labor-intensive content analyses limited to a small number of media reports. We propose to advance this subfield by using scalable machine learning. In potentially the largest contemporary public health media monitoring study to date, we systematically characterize global news reports surrounding electronic cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) using natural language processing techniques. News reports including ENDS terms (e.g., "electronic cigarettes") from over 100,000 sources (all sources archived on Google News or Bing News, as well as all news articles shared on Twitter) were monitored for 1 January 2013 through 31 July 2018. The geographic and subject (e.g., prevalence, bans, quitting, warnings, marketing, prices, age, flavor and industry) foci of news articles, their popularity among readers who share news on social media, and the sentiment behind news articles were assessed algorithmically. Globally there were 86,872 ENDS news reports with coverage increasing from 8 (standard deviation [SD] = 8) stories per day in 2013 to 75 (SD = 56) stories per day during 2018. The focus of ENDS news spanned 148 nations, with the plurality focusing on the United States (34% of all news). Potentially overlooked hotspots of ENDS media activity included China, Egypt, Russia, Ukraine, and Paraguay. The most common subject was warnings about ENDS (18%), followed by bans on using ENDS (13%) and ENDS prices (9%). Flavor and age restrictions were the least covered news subjects (-1% each). Among different subject foci, reports on quitting cigarettes using ENDS had the highest probability of scoring in the top three deciles of popularity rankings. Moreover, ENDS news on quitting and prices had a more positive sentiment on average than news with other subject foci. Public health leaders can use these trends to stay abreast of how ENDS are portrayed in the media, and potentially how the public perceives ENDS. Because our analytical strategies are updated in near real time, we aim to make media monitoring part of standard practice to support evidence-based tobacco control in the future.