Drug Delivery to the Brain across the Blood-Brain Barrier Using Nanomaterials.
Drug Delivery to the Brain across the Blood-Brain Barrier Using Nanomaterials.
复制标题
使用纳米材料跨越血脑屏障将药物输送到大脑。
DOI：
10.1002/smll.201801588
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Xiaoyang Xu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Tsou;Xue;He Zhu;Sahla Syed;Xiaoyang Xu
阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化症、脑瘤和中风等脑部疾病面临的一个主要障碍是血脑屏障(BBB)。血脑屏障阻止某些分子和病原体从循环系统进入大脑。因此，如果没有载体的帮助，治疗药物几乎不可能靶向病变细胞。纳米技术是一个日益引起公众兴趣的领域；纳米载体，如基于聚合物、基于脂质和基于无机的纳米颗粒，可以被设计成不同的尺寸、形状和表面电荷，并且可以用官能团来修饰它们，以增强它们的渗透和靶向能力。因此，了解纳米材料和BBB之间的相互作用是至关重要的。在这篇综述中，回顾了血脑屏障的组成和性质，并讨论了最常用的脑部药物输送的纳米载体的类型。本文对纳米载体的性质和影响药物通过血脑屏障的因素进行了详细的阐述。此外，还重点介绍了纳米制剂和非常规给药策略的最新发展。最后讨论了脑靶向纳米药物发展面临的挑战和需要考虑的问题。总体目标是扩大对设计的理解，并开发用于治疗脑部疾病的纳米药物。
A major obstacle facing brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, and strokes is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB prevents the passage of certain molecules and pathogens from the circulatory system into the brain. Therefore, it is nearly impossible for therapeutic drugs to target the diseased cells without the assistance of carriers. Nanotechnology is an area of growing public interest; nanocarriers, such as polymer‐based, lipid‐based, and inorganic‐based nanoparticles can be engineered in different sizes, shapes, and surface charges, and they can be modified with functional groups to enhance their penetration and targeting capabilities. Hence, understanding the interaction between nanomaterials and the BBB is crucial. In this Review, the components and properties of the BBB are revisited and the types of nanocarriers that are most commonly used for brain drug delivery are discussed. The properties of the nanocarriers and the factors that affect drug delivery across the BBB are elaborated upon in this review. Additionally, the most recent developments of nanoformulations and nonconventional drug delivery strategies are highlighted. Finally, challenges and considerations for the development of brain targeting nanomedicines are discussed. The overall objective is to broaden the understanding of the design and to develop nanomedicines for the treatment of brain diseases.