The Anastrophic Burial of Bivalves and its Paleoecological Significance
The Anastrophic Burial of Bivalves and its Paleoecological Significance
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双壳类动物的误埋及其古生态意义
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发表时间：
1974
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通讯作者：
P. Kranz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Kranz
8个双壳类生活习性类群--（1）表生动物悬浮取食者、（2）钻虫、（3）深潜虹吸悬浮取食者、（4）底生动物非虹吸悬浮取食者、（5）底生动物粘液管取食者、（6）浅潜虹吸悬浮取食者、（7）唇须存款取食者和（8）底生动物虹吸存款取食者--在逃逸潜力方面是不同的。逃逸电位（即，通过对25种双壳类动物的实验室研究，确定了一个动物类群或分类单元的成员能够挖出并成功地恢复正常摄食位置的最大埋藏深度。逃逸电位范围从< 5 cm to >50厘米。控制逃逸可能性的主要因素是双壳类的生活习性、地幔熔融和虹吸形成的程度以及沉积物类型。对双壳类逃逸形成的沉积结构的研究表明，尽管所有物种都能在垂直剖面上形成一系列嵌套的倒锥形，但水平剖面显示出双壳类外壳的横截面轮廓。X光摄影显示，一些双壳类的逃逸方向（前最上）与正常的摄食方向（后最上）明显不同。各种双壳类生活习性组的逃逸潜力是现代和化石群落形成的选择性因素，偏化石组合，并可能是重要的进化辐射。由于它们的逃逸洞穴、逃逸行为和分布，双壳类是沉积环境和沉积速率的极好指示器。
The eight bivalve life habit groups-(1) epifaunal suspension feeders, (2) borers, (3) deep-burrowing siphonate suspension feeders, (4) infaunal nonsiphonate suspension feeders, (5) infaunal mucus tube feeders, (6) shallow-burrowing siphonate suspension feeders, (7) labial palp deposit feeders, and (8) infaunal siphonate deposit feeders-are distinct with regard to escape potentials. Escape potentials (i.e., the maximum depth of burial from which the members of an animal group or taxon are able to dig out and successfully reestablish themselves in normal feeding position) have been determined through laboratory experiments for 25 species of bivalves. Escape potentials range from < 5 cm to > 50 cm. Major factors controlling escape potentials are bivalve life habits, degree of mantle fusion and siphon formation, and sediment type. Examination of sedimentary structures formed by escaping bivalves has revealed that, while all species produce what appears in vertical section to be a nested series of inverted cones, horizontal sections show a cross-sectional outline of the bivalve shell. X-ray photography shows that some bivalves have escape orientations (anterior uppermost) distinctly different from normal feeding orientations (posterior uppermost). The escape potentials of the various bivalve life habit groups are a selective factor in the formation of modern and fossil communities, bias fossil assemblages, and probably were important in evolutionary radiations. Because of their escape burrows, escape behavior, and distribution, bivalves are excellent indicators of sedimentary environments and rates of sedimentation.