Phylogenetic position of a bizarre lizard Harpesaurus implies the co-evolution between arboreality, locomotion, and reproductive mode in Draconinae (Squamata: Agamidae)
Phylogenetic position of a bizarre lizard Harpesaurus implies the co-evolution between arboreality, locomotion, and reproductive mode in Draconinae (Squamata: Agamidae)
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DOI：
10.1080/14772000.2020.1795741
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发表时间：
2020-08
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Takaki Kurita;Y. Kojima;Mohamad Yazid Hossman;K. Nishikawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Takaki Kurita;Y. Kojima;Mohamad Yazid Hossman;K. Nishikawa
在有鳞目动物（蜥蜴和蛇）的进化史上，胎生生殖已经独立进化了100多次。对寒冷气候的适应是解释胎生转变的主要假设，但胎生物种也存在于热带低地，这意味着其他因素的存在也可能促进胎生的进化。例如，热带亚洲/大洋洲亚科，龙亚科，包括两个胎生属（Cophotis和Harpesaurus）。然而，其中之一，Harpesaurus，是非常罕见的，这使得很难研究他们的生态学或进化方面。我们设法收集了一个H。这为解决龙蜥胎生的进化提供了一个机会。基于一个新的分子系统发育假说，包括所有胎生组的龙亚科，我们推断，胎生已经进化了两次亚科内。祖先状态重建分析表明，转移到胎生之前的进化树和缓慢移动的运动。我们的分析强烈表明栖息地，运动和生殖模式之间的进化相关性。综上所述，这些结果表明，利用树栖栖息地和缓慢的运动促进了这些热带/亚热带蜥蜴胎生的进化。树栖、移动缓慢的物种被认为更多地依赖于隐藏来躲避捕食者，而不是逃跑。因此，我们建议，这些物种是相对不易受影响的伴随成本胎生：减少运动能力和增加的风险，在怀孕期间捕食。我们还描述和讨论了H的独特行为。borneensis.
Viviparous reproduction has evolved independently more than 100 times in the evolutionary history of Squamata (lizards and snakes). Adaptation to cold climates is the dominant hypothesis explaining shifts to viviparity, but viviparous species are also present in the tropical lowlands, implying the presence of other factors that may also promote the evolution of viviparity. For example, the tropical Asian/Oceanian subfamily, Draconinae, includes two viviparous genera (Cophotis and Harpesaurus). However, one of them, Harpesaurus, is extremely rare, making it difficult to study aspects of their ecology or evolution. We managed to collect a H. borneensis, and this provided an opportunity to address the evolution of viviparity in draconine lizards. Based on a new molecular phylogenetic hypothesis, including all viviparous groups in Draconinae, we infer that viviparity has evolved twice within the subfamily. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses indicated that shifts to viviparity were preceded by the evolution of arboreality and slow-moving locomotion. Our analysis strongly suggests evolutionary correlations between habitats, locomotion, and reproductive modes. Taken together, these results suggest that the use of arboreal habitats and slow locomotion facilitated the evolution of viviparity in these tropical/subtropical lizards. Arboreal, slow-moving species are considered to rely more on crypsis in predator avoidance rather than fleeing. Therefore, we propose that such species are relatively insusceptible to the concomitant cost of viviparity: reduced locomotive ability and increased risk of predation during pregnancy. We also describe and discuss the unique behaviours of H. borneensis.