Fluctuation Theorems for a Quantum Channel
Fluctuation Theorems for a Quantum Channel
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevx.9.031029
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发表时间：
2019-08-20
影响因子：
12.5
通讯作者：
Kim, M. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kwon, Hyukjoon;Kim, M. S.
我们建立了量子涨落定理的一般框架，通过发现任何给定的量子通道的前向和后向跃迁之间的对称性。采用Petz恢复映射作为反向量子通道，将热力学中的熵产生概念推广到量子领域。我们的结果表明，涨落定理，通常被认为是热力学过程，可以是一个强有力的工具，研究量子系统的详细统计，以及在一个任意的非平衡量子过程中的相干转移的效果。我们引入了一个复值熵产生，以充分理解通过量子通道的前向和后向过程之间的关系。我们发现熵产生虚部的物理意义证明了量子信道的对称性破缺。我们还表明，虚部起着至关重要的作用，在推导第二定律的量子涨落定理。在我们的统一框架中，可以连贯地理解各种量子资源的耗散和涨落，包括量子自由能、不对称性和纠缠。我们的涨落定理可以应用到广泛的物理系统和动力学查询的量子态的可逆性，为给定的量子处理通道，涉及相干和纠缠。
We establish the general framework of quantum fluctuation theorems by finding the symmetry between the forward and backward transitions of any given quantum channel. The Petz recovery map is adopted as the reverse quantum channel, and the notion of entropy production in thermodynamics is extended to the quantum regime. Our result shows that the fluctuation theorems, which are normally considered for thermodynamic processes, can be a powerful tool to study the detailed statistics of quantum systems as well as the effect of coherence transfer in an arbitrary nonequilibrium quantum process. We introduce a complex-valued entropy production to fully understand the relation between the forward and backward processes through the quantum channel. We find the physical meaning of the imaginary part of entropy production to witness the broken symmetry of the quantum channel. We also show that the imaginary part plays a crucial role in deriving the second law from the quantum fluctuation theorem. The dissipation and fluctuation of various quantum resources including quantum free energy, asymmetry, and entanglement can be coherently understood in our unified framework. Our fluctuation theorem can be applied to a wide range of physical systems and dynamics to query the reversibility of a quantum state for the given quantum processing channel involving coherence and entanglement.