Inflammasomes
Inflammasomes
复制标题
DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a016287
复制
发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Flavell, Richard A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Zoete, Marcel R.;Palm, Noah W.;Flavell, Richard A.
炎性小体是一种大的细胞质多蛋白复合物，在检测到感染或应激相关刺激时聚集在一起，导致caspase-1介导的炎症反应的激活，包括分裂和非常规的促炎细胞因子IL-1 β和IL-18的分泌，以及被称为焦亡的炎症形式的细胞死亡的开始。炎性小体激活可由多种微生物病原体诱导，通常通过激活快速炎症反应和限制病原体复制来介导宿主防御。除了防御病原体的作用外，最近的研究表明，炎症小体也是肠道中共生微生物群的关键调节剂。最后，炎性小体广泛参与各种慢性疾病的发生和发展，如痛风、动脉粥样硬化和代谢综合征。从这个角度来看，我们讨论了炎症小体在感染性和非感染性炎症中的作用，并强调了炎症小体在宿主防御和慢性疾病中的未来研究的兴趣领域。
Inflammasomes are large cytosolic multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to detection of infection-or stress-associated stimuli and lead to the activation of caspase-1-mediated inflammatory responses, including cleavage and unconventional secretion of the leaderless proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-18, and initiation of an inflammatory form of cell death referred to as pyroptosis. Inflammasome activation can be induced by a wide variety of microbial pathogens and generally mediates host defense through activation of rapid inflammatory responses and restriction of pathogen replication. In addition to its role in defense against pathogens, recent studies have suggested that the inflammasome is also a critical regulator of the commensal microbiota in the intestine. Finally, inflammasomes have been widely implicated in the development and progression of various chronic diseases, such as gout, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. In this perspective, we discuss the role of inflammasomes in infectious and noninfectious inflammation and highlight areas of interest for future studies of inflammasomes in host defense and chronic disease.