Serial gesturing by wild chimpanzees: its nature and function for communication
Serial gesturing by wild chimpanzees: its nature and function for communication
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10071-011-0416-3
复制
发表时间：
2011-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Byrne, Richard W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hobaiter, Catherine;Byrne, Richard W.
乌干达布东戈的黑猩猩经常做一系列的手势，包括等待反应的“回合”手势和没有停顿的快速射击手势。我们研究了723个序列和504个回合的分布和相关性，以寻找多手势序列功能的线索。年长黑猩猩的手势更有可能成功，但任何特定手势的成功率并不随信号者的年龄而变化。相反，年龄较大的人更有可能选择成功的手势，这些非常成功的手势更经常单独使用。这些模式解释了为什么在年轻的动物中记录的发作最多，而年长的黑猩猩更多地依赖于单一的手势：发作最好被解释为面对失败的坚持的结果。当在一个序列中至少出现一个成功类型的手势时，该序列更有可能成功;然而，总体而言，序列不如单个手势成功。我们认为，年轻的黑猩猩使用序列作为一个“故障安全”的策略：因为他们有天生的潜力，产生一个大的和冗余的剧目的手势，但缺乏知识，其中将是最有效的。使用序列增加了给出一个有效手势的机会，也允许用户学习最有效的类型。当他们这样做时，他们需要更少地使用序列;序列可能仍然对微妙的人际调整很重要，特别是在游戏中。这种“剧目调谐”假说解释了以前报道的黑猩猩手势的一些结果。
Chimpanzees at Budongo, Uganda, regularly gesture in series, including 'bouts' of gesturing that include response waiting and 'sequences' of rapid-fire gesturing without pauses. We examined the distribution and correlates of 723 sequences and 504 bouts for clues to the function of multigesture series. Gesturing by older chimpanzees was more likely to be successful, but the success rate of any particular gesture did not vary with signaller age. Rather, older individuals were more likely to choose successful gestures, and these highly successful gestures were more often used singly. These patterns explain why bouts were recorded most in younger animals, whereas older chimpanzees relied more on single gestures: bouts are best interpreted as a consequence of persistence in the face of failure. When at least one gesture of a successful type occurred in a sequence, that sequence was more likely to be successful; overall, however, sequences were less successful than single gestures. We suggest that young chimpanzees use sequences as a 'fail-safe' strategy: because they have the innate potential to produce a large and redundant repertoire of gestures but lack knowledge of which of them would be most efficient. Using sequences increases the chance of giving one effective gesture and also allows users to learn the most effective types. As they do so, they need to use sequences less; sequences may remain important for subtle interpersonal adjustment, especially in play. This 'Repertoire Tuning' hypothesis explains a number of results previously reported from chimpanzee gesturing.