Schistosomes and snails: a molecular encounter.
Schistosomes and snails: a molecular encounter.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2014.00230
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bridger JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knight M;Arican-Goktas HD;Ittiprasert W;Odoemelam EC;Miller AN;Bridger JM
光滑双脐蜗牛在曼氏血吸虫（西半球人类血吸虫病的病原体）的传播中发挥着不可或缺的作用。在过去的二十年中，旨在阐明蜗牛/寄生虫相互作用的分子基础的研究取得了巨大进展。人们越来越担心没有疫苗可以预防血吸虫病，而且只有一种有效的药物，这促使人们开发出基于消除血吸虫生命周期蜗牛阶段的新控制策略。为了阐明为什么特定的蜗牛并不总是与其遇到的每一种血吸虫相容，对特定的曼氏血吸虫菌株具有抗性或敏感的光滑拟杆菌已被用来追踪控制蜗牛/血吸虫关系的分子机制。通过这些蜗牛，鉴定出了抗性和易感性的遗传标记。此外，差异基因表达研究已经确定了这些表型背后的基因。最近，首次确定了血吸虫在介导基因位点非随机重定位中的作用，使光滑拟杆菌成为一种模型生物，现在可以研究由主要人类寄生虫精心策划的核结构变化（称为空间表观遗传学）对染色质的调节。本综述将重点介绍使用分子方法描述蜗牛/血吸虫相容性问题所取得的进展。揭示血吸虫触发的信号网络，提供在蜗牛宿主中打开和关闭基因的冲动，从而控制感染的结果，也可能对在人类宿主中起作用的抗寄生虫机制产生新的见解。
Biomphalaria glabrata snails play an integral role in the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent for human schistosomiasis in the Western hemisphere. For the past two decades, tremendous advances have been made in research aimed at elucidating the molecular basis of the snail/parasite interaction. The growing concern that there is no vaccine to prevent schistosomiasis and only one effective drug in existence provides the impetus to develop new control strategies based on eliminating schistosomes at the snail-stage of the life cycle. To elucidate why a given snail is not always compatible to each and every schistosome it encounters, B. glabrata that are either resistant or susceptible to a given strain of S. mansoni have been employed to track molecular mechanisms governing the snail/schistosome relationship. With such snails, genetic markers for resistance and susceptibility were identified. Additionally, differential gene expression studies have led to the identification of genes that underlie these phenotypes. Lately, the role of schistosomes in mediating non-random relocation of gene loci has been identified for the first time, making B. glabrata a model organism where chromatin regulation by changes in nuclear architecture, known as spatial epigenetics, orchestrated by a major human parasite can now be investigated. This review will highlight the progress that has been made in using molecular approaches to describe snail/schistosome compatibility issues. Uncovering the signaling networks triggered by schistosomes that provide the impulse to turn genes on and off in the snail host, thereby controlling the outcome of infection, could also yield new insights into anti-parasite mechanism(s) that operate in the human host as well.