Reinforced Plastics
Reinforced Plastics
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强化塑料
作者：
C. Gurney
一旦铺设好，就立即拆除，有时会产生第三个。Adelies是单窝的。平均孵化期（从产卵之日起至小鸡完全孵化）为35天，范围为33至38天。幼雏的照顾分为三个阶段：守卫阶段，父母一方在巢中照顾和喂养幼雏，而另一方则外出收集食物;托儿所阶段，幼雏在大约4周大时独自一人，与其他幼雏一起形成100只或更多幼雏的托儿所，以及后来的托儿所分散。一项对有标记的成年鸟和雏鸟的研究表明，父母在托儿所喂养自己的雏鸟，只有在特殊情况下才喂养其他雏鸟。托儿所没有成年的“监护人”。这两个事实与以前关于企鹅的说法相反，企鹅的幼雏聚集在育儿室里。阿德利企鹅的“陪伴”习惯（即两个异性鸟在一个巢址的伙伴关系，可能，也可能不，导致建立一个交配对）被认为具有促进新对形成的生存价值-如果有经验的繁殖者的原始配偶没有回来，或者回来得很晚，大多数阿德利企鹅从浮冰中的栖息地蜕皮。一岁的幼鸟首先换毛。人们对阿德利企鹅的冬季活动知之甚少，但这些鸟似乎呆在浮冰中，只有在大风打破坚冰并将浮冰带到陆地附近时才能在冬季访问陆地。
removed as soon as laid, a third one is sometimes produced. Adelies are single-brooded. The average incubation period (from the day of laying until the chick is completely out) is thirty-five days with a range of thirty-three to thirty-eight days. The care of the young is divided into three stages: the guard stage when one of the parents is at the nest to care for and feed the chicks while the other is away collecting food; the creche stage, when the chick is left alone at an age of about 4 weeks and groups with others to form creches of 100 or more chicks, and, later, the dispersal of the creches. Evidence is given from a study of marked adults and chicks that parents feed their own chicks in the creche, feeding others only in exceptional circumstances. There are no adult'guardians' of the creches. These two facts are contrary to previous accounts of penguins the chicks of which group together in creches.The Adelie's habit of'keeping company'(that is, the partnership of two birds of opposite sex at a nest-site which may, or may not, lead to the establishment of a mated pair) is believed to have survival value in facilitating the formation of new pair-bonds should the original mate of an experienced breeder fail to return, or return very late. Most Adelies moult away from the rookeries among the pack ice. The yearlings moult first. Little is known about the winter movements of the Adelie, but tho birds appear to stay in the pack ice and visit land in winter only when gales break up the fast ice and bring the pack close to land.