Age differences in short-term memory: organization or internal noise?
Age differences in short-term memory: organization or internal noise?
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短期记忆的年龄差异：组织还是内部噪音？
DOI：
10.1093/geronj/47.4.p281
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Crozier,LC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Allen,PA;Madden,DJ;Weber,T;Crozier,LC
在一项短期记忆(STM)任务中，受试者将存储在短期记忆中的五个字母的目标序列与随后呈现的五个字母的探针序列进行比较，以检验老年人和年轻人的字母搜索表现。相同的五个字母总是出现在给定试验的靶和探针部分，但在一半的试验中，两个字母在第一组块、第二组块或探针序列的第一组块和第二组块之间被转置(“否”试验)。在剩下的一半试验中，靶序列和探针序列是相同的(“是”试验)。当“是”试验的区块边界对于给定试验的靶序列和探针序列不同时，年轻人和老年人都表现出反应时间(RT)的增加。这一发现表明，两个年龄组以相同的定性方式组织STM中的序列。然而，与第一块或块间的转换相比，老年人在第二块转位的反应时和错误数上表现出比年轻人更大的增加，这一发现表明，任务复杂性的年龄差异不能解释这种影响。然而，我们认为这些数据与内部噪声模型是一致的。
Older and young adults' letter search performances were examined on a short-term memory (STM) task where subjects compared a five-letter target sequence stored in short-term memory to a subsequently presented five-letter probe sequence. The same five letters were always presented on target and probe portions of a given trial, but on half of the trials, two letters were transposed in the first chunk, second chunk, or between the first and second chunks of the probe sequence (“No” trials). On the remaining half of the trials, the target and probe sequences were identical (“yes” trials). Both young and older adults showed increases in reaction time (RT) when the chunk boundary for “yes” trials was different for the target and probe sequences of a given trial. This finding indicated that both age groups were organizing the sequences in STM in the same qualitative manner. However, older adults showed a relatively greater increase in RT and errors than young adults for second-chunk transpositions than for first-chunk or between-chunk transpositions, and this finding suggested that an age difference in task complexity could not account for this effect. We propose, though, that these data are consistent with an internal noise model.