Nurses who work outside nursing
Nurses who work outside nursing
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03155.x
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Aitken, LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duffield, C;Pallas, LO;Aitken, LM
背景资料。想要照顾人的愿望、专业卫生保健工作的家族史以及职业选择上的安全感都是进入护理行业的有记录的原因。离职的原因包括工作量、不安全的工作环境和骚扰。这些因素与护士从事这一职业的时间之间的关系还没有被探讨。本文通过对离职护理人员的调查，了解他们成为护士的原因、从事护理工作的时间以及离职的原因。向目前在护理以外工作的注册护士邮寄了一份问卷，询问受访者进入和离开护理的原因，以及对从护理中获得的技能和适应非护理环境的便利性的看法。数据分析包括描述性统计、探索性和验证性因素分析、相关分析、线性和多元回归分析。一个包含“利他主义原因”、“默认选择”和“垫脚石”因素的模型解释了成为护士的原因中36.2%的差异。一个包含“法律和雇主”、“关于护理的外部价值和信念”、“专业实践”、“工作生活/家庭生活”和“合同要求”因素的模型可以解释55.4%的离开护理原因的差异。护士个人特征(36%)、成为护士的原因(7%)和离职原因(6%)解释了护理实践中48%的任期差异。护士进入或离开这一职业的原因是多方面的，也是复杂的。虽然个人特征在护理终身教职中占了很大比例，但那些管理护理队伍的人应该考虑专业实践问题，以及工作生活和家庭生活之间的平衡。
Background. The desire to care for people, a family history of professional health care work, and security in career choice are documented reasons for entering nursing. Reasons for leaving include workload, unsafe work environments and harassment. The relationship between these factors and the time nurses spend in the profession has not been explored.Aim. This paper reports a study with people who have left nursing, to investigate why they became a nurse, how long they stayed in nursing, and their reasons for leaving.Method. A questionnaire was mailed to Registered Nurses currently working outside nursing, seeking respondents' reasons for entering and leaving nursing, and perceptions of the skills gained from nursing and the ease of adjustment to working in a non-nursing environment. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, correlational analysis and linear and multiple regression analysis.Results. A model incorporating the factors 'altruistic reasons', 'default choice' and 'stepping stone' explained 36.2% of the variance in reasons for becoming a nurse. A model incorporating the factors 'legal and employer', 'external values and beliefs about nursing', 'professional practice', 'work life/home life' and 'contract requirements' explained 55.4% of the variance in reasons for leaving nursing. Forty-eight per cent of the variance in tenure in nursing practice was explained through personal characteristics of nurses (36%), reasons for becoming a nurse (7%) and reasons for leaving (6%).Conclusion. The reasons why nurses entered or left the profession were varied and complex. While personal characteristics accounted for a large component of tenure in nursing, those managing the nursing workforce should consider professional practice issues and the balance between work life and home life.