Weak interactions in higher-order chromatin organization
Weak interactions in higher-order chromatin organization
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DOI：
10.1093/nar/gkaa261
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发表时间：
2020-05-21
影响因子：
14.9
通讯作者：
Razin，Sergey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kantidze，Omar L.;Razin，Sergey
在过去的二十年里，真核生物染色体的层次折叠的详细原理已经被揭示出来。沿着构成三维（3D）基因组组织的结构（染色质区室、拓扑关联结构域、染色质环等），参与其建立和维持的分子机制已被表征。蛋白质-蛋白质和蛋白质-DNA相互作用是真核生物基因组空间结构的基础。然而，越来越明显的是，生物系统中存在的弱相互作用也有助于3D基因组。在这里，我们提供了一个快照，我们目前的理解弱相互作用的作用，在建立和维护的3D基因组组织。我们讨论了如何弱的生物力，如熵力在拥挤的解决方案，静电相互作用的生物分子，液-液相分离，DNA超螺旋，和RNA环境参与染色体分离成结构和功能单位和驱动核内功能区室化。
The detailed principles of the hierarchical folding of eukaryotic chromosomes have been revealed during the last two decades. Along with structures composing three-dimensional (3D) genome organization (chromatin compartments, topologically associating domains, chromatin loops, etc.), the molecular mechanisms that are involved in their establishment and maintenance have been characterized. Generally, protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions underlie the spatial genome organization in eukaryotes. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that weak interactions, which exist in biological systems, also contribute to the 3D genome. Here, we provide a snapshot of our current understanding of the role of the weak interactions in the establishment and maintenance of the 3D genome organization. We discuss how weak biological forces, such as entropic forces operating in crowded solutions, electrostatic interactions of the biomolecules, liquid-liquid phase separation, DNA supercoiling, and RNA environment participate in chromosome segregation into structural and functional units and drive intranuclear functional compartmentalization.