PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES AND MORPHOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN LAND PLANTS
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES AND MORPHOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN LAND PLANTS
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DOI：
10.1002/9781118305881.ch1
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Doyle, James A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Doyle, James A.
一个基于分子和化石数据的日益强大的系统发育框架阐明了陆地植物的进化创新序列。在水生链生植物中，卵母制和细胞新生（隔膜、间连丝、早期分生组织）的进化。侵入陆地后，孢子体、被套配子囊和孢子囊内插，孢子在空气中分散，随后是气孔。维管植物的起源涉及孢子体的分支和维管组织的逐步进化。叶片独立起源于石松植物和幼松植物；在一些幼嫩植物中，叶子来自单个的二分枝，在另一些中来自整个枝系统。在种子植物中，次生生长先于种子进化。针叶树中羽状复叶被单叶所取代。被子植物花的起源尚不清楚，但双胚珠可能是由雌蕊形成的，其原始心皮可以重构为海鞘。双受精的进化是一个循序渐进的过程，在被子植物内部持续进行；在这个群体中，容器也在进化。单子房表现出与失去次生生长有关的主要重组，而五分花则是从二分花中进化而来的。
An increasingly robust phylogenetic framework based on molecular and fossil data clarifies the sequence of evolutionary innovations in land plants. Oogamy and cellular novelties (phragmoplast, plasmodesmata, incipient meristems) evolved in aquatic streptophytes. Invasion of the land entailed interpolation of the sporophyte, jacketed gametangia and sporangia, and air-dispersed spores, followed by stomata. Origin of vascular plants involved branching of the sporophyte and stepwise evolution of vascular tissue. Leaves originated independently in lycophytes and euphyllophytes; in some euphyllophytes leaves were derived from single dichotomous branches, in others from whole branch systems. In seed plants, secondary growth evolved before the seed. Pinnately compound leaves were replaced by simple leaves in coniferophytes. The origin of the angiosperm flower remains unresolved, but bitegmic ovules may be derived from cupules, and the ancestral carpel can be reconstructed as ascidiate. Evolution of double fertilization was a stepwise process that continued within angiosperms; vessels also evolved within the group. Monocots show major reorganization tied to loss of secondary growth, while pentamerous flowers evolved from dimerous within eudicots.