Aspiring to an Altered Stable State: Rebuilding of Bay Scallop Populations and Fisheries Following Intensive Restoration
Aspiring to an Altered Stable State: Rebuilding of Bay Scallop Populations and Fisheries Following Intensive Restoration
复制标题
渴望改变稳定状态：密集恢复后海湾扇贝种群和渔业的重建
DOI：
10.3354/meps11263
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Christopher F. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. T. Tettelbach;B. Peterson;John M. Carroll;B. Furman;S. W. Hughes;J. Havelin;J. R. Europe;D. Bonal;A. Weinstock;Christopher F. Smith
2006年开始加紧努力恢复美国纽约长岛东部的海湾扇贝种群和渔业，在此之前的12年里，商业渔业上岸量平均为1985年至1995年赤潮藻华之前历史水平的1%至2%。与2005年至2006年相比，到2007年，东方港(OH)秋季0+年扇贝的自然繁殖密度增加了16倍，这是我们恢复工作的重点；到2009年，东方港和其他未种植的海湾的密度分别增加了110倍和331倍。空间和时间模式与幼虫招募的记录相平行；商业收获水平与海湾范围的幼虫定居和幼体底栖生物密度之间显示出高度显著的相关性。到2010年，官方渔业上岸数量是恢复前水平的13倍，并在2013年保持相对稳定。修复开始后，码头收入和为地区经济带来的经济效益分别增加了约200万美元和2000万美元；我们的计算表明，这些数字是实际数字的40%。种群的复苏与捕食者种群的时间变化或沉水的水生植被覆盖无关。我们的结论是，由于我们密集的恢复努力，海湾扇贝幼体供应急剧增加，推动了贝类种群和渔业的重建。根据定义，我们不能说对开海湾扇贝已经达到了一种交替稳定的状态，但很明显，在短短几年内，种群数量、渔业上岸和经济价值的急剧增加是可能的。
Intensive efforts to restore bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians populations and fisheries in the Peconic Bays of eastern Long Island, New York, USA, were begun in 2006, fol- lowing a 12 yr period during which commercial fishery landings averaged 1 to 2% of historical levels seen prior to 1985 to 1995 brown tide algal blooms. Compared to 2005 to 2006, natural pop- ulation densities of 0+ yr scallops in fall increased 16 × by 2007 in Orient Harbor (OH), the focus of our restoration efforts; by 2009, densities in OH and other, unplanted, embayments had increased by 110 × and up to 331 ×, respectively. Spatial and temporal patterns paralleled those documented for larval recruitment; highly significant correlations between commercial harvest levels and both baywide larval settlement and juvenile benthic densities were revealed. Official fishery landings were 13 × those of pre-restoration levels by 2010 and have remained relatively stable through 2013. Following commencement of restoration, dockside revenues and economic benefit to the regional economy have increased by ~US$2 million and $20 million, respectively; our calculations suggest that these figures are 40% of actual numbers. Population resurgence is not correlated to temporal changes in predator populations or submerged aquatic vegetation cover. We conclude that rebuilding of Peconic bay scallop populations and fisheries has been driven by dramatic increases in bay scallop larval supply emanating from our intensive restoration efforts. By defini- tion, we cannot say that Peconic bay scallops have attained an alternate stable state, but it is clear that dramatic increases in populations, fishery landings, and economic value are possible in just a few years.